Multiple SclerosisDefinition*MS is characterized by the presence of areas of demyelination*T-cell predominant perivascular inflammation in the brain white matter*Some axons may be spared from these pathological processesIncidence and Prevalence*An estimated 2,500,000 people in the world have multiple sclerosis*MS is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system in young adults*Diagnosis of MS is generally between 20 and 40 years of age, although onset may be earlierCausal Factors*Viral and autoimmune etiologies are postulated*Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to MS *A specific cause for this disease is not identifiedSigns and Symptoms*Early symptoms may include: numbness paresthesia mono- or paraparesis double vision optic neuritis ataxia bladder control problems*Subsequent symptoms also include: more prominent upper motor neuron signs increased spasticity increasing para- or quardriparesis Vertigo, incoordination and other cerebellar problems depression, emotional liability abnormalities in gait fatigue and pain Complications*fatigue is a major problem for those with MS*persons with MS generally have a low tolerance for heat*MS can cause severe mobility problemsCourse*MS is classified according to its clinical course into several categories: benignrelapsing-remitting (the most common variant) progressive-relapsing primary progressive and secondary progressivePrognosis*life span is not significantly affected by MS*there is no drug that can cure MS, but treatments are now available which can modify the course of the diseasePsychosocial Issues*depression is often a symptom of MS*because of the late onset, people with MS have to adapt to a new life*many of these people have trouble adjusting to the use of wheelchairs, braces and crutches*increased sexual dysfunction*bowel and bladder control problems*decreased mobility leaves many people with MS feeling left out and different...
