as more important to the labor movement. The Chicago Federation of Labor created its own radio station (Cohen, 136). It was completely supported by its listeners, who were mostly union members. By the 1930s, a homogeneous mass culture gave ethnic workers more things in common with their co-workers of different ethnicity and race (Cohen, 157). Ethnic workers, in other words, were becoming more American.Employers took heed of the methods that ethnic leaders used throughout the 1920s. Originally, employers believed workers had to be coerced to work and had to respect the authority of the manager outright (Cohen, 160). Employers knew they had to keep their ethnic workers separated, but when they could not break the ethnic bond, employers turned to welfare capitalism (Cohen, 163). The tool businesses used to implement welfare capitalism was industrial democracy, which purportedly brought workers and their bosses together so that they could better settle their differences (Cohen, 171). Actually, industrial democracy was a method for isolating workers as individuals by redressing grievances on an individual rather than collective basis (Cohen, 173). Wage incentives, promotions, pensions, sick pay, and paid vacations were all a part of welfare capitalism. However, most of the ideas implicit in welfare capitalism were duplicitous rather than beneficent to workers. The underlying goal of employers was to banish competitors for workers loyalties and more basically to individualize the relationship between management and labor (Cohen, 165). Furthermore, welfare capitalism theoretically was supposed to make workers more dependable and loyal (Cohen, 170). The government was also considering giving benefits to people, so the businesses thought welfare capitalism would not only deter future governmental regulation, but it would also forestall a tax hike (Cohen, 182). Workers widely participated in the welfare programs, but welfare capitalism failed mor...
