pan. On December 7th, 1941 the Japanese attacked the American naval base at Hawaii. Pearl Harbor was the greatest intelligence failure for the United States of America. This disaster threw America into World War II. The story is that two generals knew of the plans to attack Hawaii. They never delivered the message to Washington, and decided it was a “nuisance.” Later the were charged with “Dereliction of Duty” and “Errors in Judgment.” Pearl Harbor may have been an intelligence disaster, but it did Jaynes 9help form our system of espionage for today. After Pearl Harbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to for the OSS. The Office of Strategic Services was formed for FDR to have a handle on the European front. FDR appointed Gen. “Wild Bill” Donovan to head the OSS. The OSS was not just confined to Europe though. They built successful spy networks id Africa and Asia. The counter-intelligence branch of OSS was X-2. It was nicknamed the “double cross” (Ameringer 157-176).Cryptology was again used in World War II. MAGIC and the “purple machine” were used by the Japanese. ULTRA and the “Enigma” was used by Germany. Once again America used COMINT (Ameringer 141-142).After WWII, President Truman disbanded the OSS. Many wanted him to keep it, and in a way he did. Truman formed the CIA, or Central Intelligence Agency. The purpose of the CIA was to protect U.S. national security. The CIA gathers information and reports it directly to the president. The president is the highest official in the CIA. The Communists in Russia already had their own organization called the Komitet Gosndarstrennoy Bezoposnostier or KGB. The CIA was very effective both inside and outside the U.S., while the KGB was only effective in Russia (Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodrl 1-6). ...
