pare and contrast them and by presenting examples for each rule.Carl Bergmann was a 19th century biologist who pointed out that amongst birds and mammal individuals of the same species tend to be larger and heavier when they lived in colder climates. This applies to pumas, bears, koalas, penguins, etc. Even in the case of people, there is an obvious difference between the height and weight of a high-latitude Scandinavian and those of an equatorial pygmy. The larger size increases the distance between the environment and the creatures core, which has to be maintained near 37 degrees Celsius. The Bergmann rule is a scientific theory that states that the further from the equator, an animal needs a larger body with less relative surface area to help it stay warm in the winter. Conversely, smaller animals with a relatively larger surface area can dissipate body heat easier, helping them remain cool. The relationship between size and temperature was initially observed for endothermic animals and extended to insects, constituting Bergmanns rule. The altitude and latitude, in which the insects develop, through the temperature, can influence their size. Joel Asaph Allan, naturalist, born in Springfield, Massachusetts on July 19th 1838. He studied first at the Wibraham Academy, and then at the Lawrence Scientific School under Agassiz, where he devoted special attention to zoology, and was one of the assistants that accompanied Agassiz on the expedition to Brazil in 1865. He visited Florida in 1869, and the Rocky Mountain region in 1871, with the scientific exploring parties, and in 1873 was the chief of expedition sent out by the Northern Pacific railroad. In 1870 he became an assistant in ornithology at the museum of comparative zoology at Cambridge, and in 1871 received the Humbolt Scholarship. Since 1885 he has been curator of the department of mammals and birds in the American Museum Of Natural History, New York. In 1871 he was made a fellow...
