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Systems Paper

Systems Paper 3. In identifying parts of the system for the Tsembaga in New Guinea. I will start with the solar energy and rainfall that are the major contributors to life and the growth of plant and human life. The sun produces energy for plants to photosynthesize and the 150 inches of water per year that the Tsembaga receive facilitates this process. The Tsembaga grow a variety of crops including: taro, sweet potatoes, yams, manioc, greens, sugar cane, and some tree crops. Human labor to sustain the growth of these crops includes cutting, fencing, planting, maintaining, harvesting, and walking back and forth. The men usually perform these labors. Another strategic part of the soil maintenance includes the fallowing and rooting of the ground by pigs. The pigs are usually taken care of by the women of the group. After the crop has grown it is harvested by the men and stored for later consumption by the human population as well as the pig population. In times of Physiological stress which includes misfortune and emergency the pigs are killed by the men and then the flesh is distributed to the group that the stress is greatest. The storage of the crops also leads to not only the consumption of the crop but the crops can also be used in trade outside of their territories for such objects as stone axes. 4. Applying the above in to the Culture Core Model I started with the base of the pyramid, economics. The reason for the growth of the crops has an economic reason, using the crop as an item to exchange goods with for things like stone axes. Also the more of the crop you have the more pigs you can sustain, which inevitably means the more protein you can get from eating the pigs. The Tsembaga also have territories that they live, grow and raise pigs on. That is there largest economic commodity. Social aspects of the model include the division of labor, which could also be a political matter, but the society is egalitarian so that everyone is equal and there are no chiefs. The men work the crops and fight while the women cook, clean, watch the children and over see the pigs. Politically they patrilineal clans, which are organized into smaller groups. Men are the only ones that are allowed to fight. When a pig is killed it is pre decide who will get it depending on need, men during time of war, and in times of illness or injury it is the victim that gets the meat. The Tsembaga are very superstitious people. They only slaughter pigs in ritual. During times of war men can not procreate, eat food prepared by women, food grown in the lower portions of the territory, marsupials, eels, and on the fighting ground no liquids. After a war the group the winning group has a ritual of planting and a rumbim. A rumbim is a ritual of slaughtering pigs and dedicating it to the ancestors, paying off debts to allies. During this time the taboos exist as they did in the war. This is seen as a kind of god, which continues until the kaiko or pig festival. These are a few of the examples of the Tsembaga ideology. Maintenance Rooting, fallowing 2. My model begins with the sun and the rain, which contribute to the growth of the crops. Also contributing to the growth of the crops is the labor of fencing, planting, and weeding preformed by the men. The rooting and fallowing of the pigs also contributes. Maintenance is also a factor. The crops are shown with a heat sink. I have the pigs eating while they are rooting and fallowing. Next I have the work of the harvest with a heat sink and then the storage of the crops with another heat sink. The storage of crops is then either traded or consumed by the men, women, children, and pigs all of which have heat sinks. In physiological stress the men kill the pigs, I’ve shown this also with heat sinks. Next the women raise both the children and the pigs both result in a heat sink. Then the cycle continues. Bibliography:

Word Count: 725