form to the simplest level. Others, affected by cubism, depicted the human figure with emphasis on geometric planes. In Russia, constructivists emphasized sculptural space rather than mass. French dadaist Marcel Duchamp made the first mobile sculpture in 1913, using found objects; he was later to give the name mobiles to the movable sculptures of American artist Alexander Calder. The definition of recent sculpture has been expanded to include a wide spectrum of new styles, materials, and techniques. Minimalists, earthwork sculptors, kinetic artists, light artists, video artists, and pop art sculptors have all developed their art. In the mid-1980s organic forms began reappearing in sculpture, a trend known as postminimalist or postmodern sculpture.C.Forms of Modern ArtThe need to create has always been a part of man's nature. The art he creates always reflects his culture and the time period in which the artist lives. The art he makes reveals feelings, beliefs, ideas and his way of life. The story of modern painting begins in the 19th century. The industrial and democratic revolutions of this time brought about dramatic social changes and a faster way of life. New art styles developed quickly also. Many styles of art developed as reactions to earlier art styles just as new governments were born out of revolution against the old. The invention of photography and the ability of artists to buy ready-made paint in tubes also led the painter in new directions. Some moved away from copying nature and others moved out-of-doors to paint.1. Impressionism - The Impressionists were interested in the world outside their studio. Scientific discoveries about light and color led them to use these new principles in their paintings. They focused on the dazzling effects of sunlight on objects and on the landscape. The emphasis is on reflected light rather than the form of objects or realistic representation. The edges of forms melt and blur in the light ...
