cal galaxies have randomized orbits and are therefore more likely to frequent their more dangerous central positions. Thus, as this paper has described, life on other planets is highly improbable. The authors attempted to explain why, in their opinion, it is difficult for complex life forms to exist in the universe. So for now, extra-terrestrials will remain in science-fiction stories. Interstellar travelers in books will continue to visit exotic locales in the Milky Way and meet with interesting aliens. As far as reality is concerned, however, the question of extra-terrestrial life still remains unanswered. ...