00 veterans in colonies in Italy, Africa, Asia, and Syria. Whileproscription financed previous resettlement efforts, the vast wealth of Egypt,which he seized after Antony's defeat, subsidized Augustus' massiveresettlement program. He raised the troops' salary and regularized the paymentof pensions, which consisted of land and money, to veterans. Augustus, thus,reduced the old threat of soldiers giving their allegiance to wealthy generalsrather than to the state. He also standardized the length of military service.The Roman legion became a professional, long service force with an esprit decorp that earlier legions did not have. Each legion was commanded by an officerof senatorial rank whom Augustus personally appointed, and the legionnairespledged their allegiance to Augustus as commander-in-chief. Furthermore,Augustus recruited soldiers from the Roman provinces. These auxiliary troopswere granted Roman citizenship upon completion of military service, and theybecame important agents of Romanization because the provinces now had a sharein the defense of the Empire. In addition, Augustus raised a new military force,the 9,000-strong Praetorian Guard, to act as personal bodyguards of theEmperor and to specifically protect the city of Rome from all enemies, foreignor domestic. He also created a police force for the city, which then had apopulation of more than 1,000,000. This measure greatly reduced the crimerate and the frequency of public riots, both of which were constant problems. Another problem plaguing the late Roman Republic was the constant revoltof the provinces because of corruption and mismanagement. Under the earlyRepublic, the appointed provincial governors served short terms. Many of thesepolitically appointed governors were either inexperienced or incompetent, socorruption and fiscal mismanagement were common practices. The greed ofthese governors was so intolerable that the populace of one province forced...
