espondence that neither Clark nor John Hopkins University were not prepared to offer fellowships for graduate education to a woman. William James wrote that Calkins' "best opportunity would be served learning under Hugo Munsterberg at the University of Freiburg who had had a woman student a year ago" (6). He informed her a month later, that Munsterberg would be coming to Harvard the following year. Once again another petition was submitted, by Calkins, asking for permission to attend Professor Munsterberg's laboratory. In 1892, President Eliot of Harvard wrote, once again, that she would be permitted in his laboratory as a guest; but not as a registered student of the university. During this period Calkins had been writing and conducting several experiments within the field of psychology. At this time she invented the paired-associate technique. This was a suggested classification of cases of associations. In her research Calkins originated a technical method for studying memory, later referred to as the method of paired associates. G.E. Muller refined the technique, and later Titchener included it in his Student's Manual, taking full credit for it. She continued to conduct research under Professor Munsterberg until October of 1894. At this time Munsterberg wrote to the President and Fellows at Harvard requesting that Calkins be admitted as a candidate for the Ph.D. On October 29, 1894, Harvard considered Munsterberg's request and refused (1). In the spring of 1895, Calkins presented her thesis, An experimental research on the association of ideas. "At the examination, held May 28, 1895, before Professors Palmer, James, Royce, Munsterberg, Harris and Dr. Santayana, it was unanimously voted that Miss Calkins satisfied all customary requirements for the degree" (6). In Harvard's records this communication was noted but not considered.RESEARCH & ACHIEVEMENTSIn 1895, Calkins returned to Wellesley College where she was made an Associate Prof...
