by all the nodes, around the ring, between the receiver.vBus Topology: The bus topology allows for the connection of terminals, peripheral devices, and microcomputers, which are interconnected along a cable known as the network bus. In the bus topology the signal is transmitted to all of the nodes within the system, however the only node to respond will be that which requires contacting. The bus topology is also an easy system to increase and decrease the number of devices required, for it runs in a straight line.vHybrid Topology: A pure form of any of the above mentioned topology is very rare. The general requirements of an organisation is a combination of the, above-mentioned, which is known as the hybrid topology. Managers consider those topological aspects of a network, which most greatly determine the economics of a network. Networks are ordered according to their topological features, i.e. centralised, decentralised and distributed. The classification stems from the likes of connection patterns of links and nodes in networks. The communication system within a network is known as the subnet. Data can be either transferred on a point to point bases or by a broadcasting channel.The topology is particularly useful for intercommunications between the individuals using the network. The network could incorporate large numbers of computer systems (the nodes), connected to a larger server, that switches data and programs between them.A decentralised network is an expanded centralised network it differs from the centralised network only in the way the switching functions are organised. The system allows for the processing capabilities to be distributed throughout the network, closer to the people who require them within the organisation.The distributed network consists of a mesh of subnetworks in which each node is connected to at least two other nodes this in total creates a topology which is extremely reliable.Local and wide area network...