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Back to Subjects - Computers

Dos Commands

Dos Commands **************************************************************** APPEND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E] [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting your system. Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list. Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list. **************************************************************** ASSIGN COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive. x Specifies the drive letter to reassign. y Specifies the drive that x: will be assigned to. /STATUS Displays current drive assignments. Type ASSIGN without parameters to reset all drive letters to original **************************************************************** ATTRIB COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or changes file attributes. ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S] /S Processes files in all directories in the specified path. **************************************************************** BACKUP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Backs up one or more files from one disk to another. BACKUP source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F[:size]] [/D:date[/T:time]] [/L[:[drive:][path]logfile]] source Specifies the file(s), drive, or directory to back up. destination-drive: Specifies the drive to save backup copies onto. /S Backs up contents of subdirectories. /M Backs up only files that have changed since the last /A Adds backup files to an existing backup disk. /F:[size] Specifies the size of the disk to be formatted. /D:date Backs up only files changed on or after the specified /T:time Backs up only files changed at or after the specified Creates a log file and entry to record the backup **************************************************************** BREAK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting. **************************************************************** CALL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Calls one batch program from another. CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the **************************************************************** CD COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays the name of or changes the current directory. .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory. **************************************************************** CHCP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or sets the active code page number. nnn Specifies a code page number. Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number. **************************************************************** CHKDSK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V] [drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check. filename Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk. Instead of using CHKDSK, try using SCANDISK. SCANDISK can reliably detect and fix a much wider range of disk problems. For more information, type HELP SCANDISK from the command prompt. **************************************************************** CHOICE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices. CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text] /C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN /N Do not display choices and ? at end of prompt string. /S Treat choice keys as case sensitive. /T[:]c,nn Default choice to c after nn seconds text Prompt string to display ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key user presses in choices. **************************************************************** CLS COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** COMMAND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Starts a new copy of the MS-DOS Command Interpreter. COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P [/MSG]] [/Y [/C command | /K command]] [drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file. device Specifies the device to use for command input and output. /E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes. /P Makes the new Command Interpreter permanent (can't exit). /MSG Stores all error messages in memory (requires /P). /Y Steps through the batch program specified by /C or /K. /C command Executes the specified command and returns. /K command Executes the specified command and continues running. The /P and /MSG switches may be used only when COMMAND is started by using the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file. **************************************************************** COMP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] data1 Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare. data2 Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare. /D Displays differences in decimal format. This is the default /A Displays differences in ASCII characters. /L Displays line numbers for differences. /N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file. /C Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files. To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters. **************************************************************** COPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Copies one or more files to another location. COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). **************************************************************** CTTY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Changes the terminal device used to control your system. device The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1. **************************************************************** DATE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** mm-dd-yy Sets the date you specify. Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. **************************************************************** DEBUG COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool. DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]] [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test. testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by the file you want to test. After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands. **************************************************************** DEL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple files by using wildcards. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. **************************************************************** DELTREE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it. To Delete one or more files and directories: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]] /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete [drive:]path Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete. Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within the specified directory will be deleted. **************************************************************** DIR COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attribs]] [/O[[:]sortord]] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attribs D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files S System files A Files ready to archive - Prefix meaning "not" /O List by files in sorted order. sortord N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date & time (earliest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order C By compression ratio (smallest first) /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C[H] Displays file compression ratio; /CH uses host allocation unit size. Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W. **************************************************************** APPEND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E] [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting your system. Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list. Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list. **************************************************************** ASSIGN COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive. x Specifies the drive letter to reassign. y Specifies the drive that x: will be assigned to. /STATUS Displays current drive assignments. Type ASSIGN without parameters to reset all drive letters to original **************************************************************** ATTRIB COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or changes file attributes. ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S] /S Processes files in all directories in the specified path. **************************************************************** BACKUP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Backs up one or more files from one disk to another. BACKUP source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F[:size]] [/D:date[/T:time]] [/L[:[drive:][path]logfile]] source Specifies the file(s), drive, or directory to back up. destination-drive: Specifies the drive to save backup copies onto. /S Backs up contents of subdirectories. /M Backs up only files that have changed since the last /A Adds backup files to an existing backup disk. /F:[size] Specifies the size of the disk to be formatted. /D:date Backs up only files changed on or after the specified /T:time Backs up only files changed at or after the specified Creates a log file and entry to record the backup **************************************************************** BREAK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting. **************************************************************** CALL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Calls one batch program from another. CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the **************************************************************** CD COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays the name of or changes the current directory. .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory. **************************************************************** CHCP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or sets the active code page number. nnn Specifies a code page number. Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number. **************************************************************** CHKDSK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V] [drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check. filename Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk. Instead of using CHKDSK, try using SCANDISK. SCANDISK can reliably detect and fix a much wider range of disk problems. For more information, type HELP SCANDISK from the command prompt. **************************************************************** CHOICE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices. CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text] /C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN /N Do not display choices and ? at end of prompt string. /S Treat choice keys as case sensitive. /T[:]c,nn Default choice to c after nn seconds text Prompt string to display ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key user presses in choices. **************************************************************** CLS COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** COMMAND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Starts a new copy of the MS-DOS Command Interpreter. COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P [/MSG]] [/Y [/C command | /K command]] [drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file. device Specifies the device to use for command input and output. /E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes. /P Makes the new Command Interpreter permanent (can't exit). /MSG Stores all error messages in memory (requires /P). /Y Steps through the batch program specified by /C or /K. /C command Executes the specified command and returns. /K command Executes the specified command and continues running. The /P and /MSG switches may be used only when COMMAND is started by using the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file. **************************************************************** COMP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] data1 Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare. data2 Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare. /D Displays differences in decimal format. This is the default /A Displays differences in ASCII characters. /L Displays line numbers for differences. /N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file. /C Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files. To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters. **************************************************************** COPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Copies one or more files to another location. COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). **************************************************************** CTTY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Changes the terminal device used to control your system. device The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1. **************************************************************** DATE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** mm-dd-yy Sets the date you specify. Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. **************************************************************** DEBUG COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool. DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]] [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test. testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by the file you want to test. After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands. **************************************************************** DEL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple files by using wildcards. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. **************************************************************** DELTREE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it. To Delete one or more files and directories: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]] /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete [drive:]path Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete. Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within the specified directory will be deleted. **************************************************************** DIR COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attribs]] [/O[[:]sortord]] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attribs D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files S System files A Files ready to archive - Prefix meaning "not" /O List by files in sorted order. sortord N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date & time (earliest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order C By compression ratio (smallest first) /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C[H] Displays file compression ratio; /CH uses host allocation unit size. Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W. **************************************************************** {}{}{} COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** {}{}{} COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** {}{}{} COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** APPEND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Allows programs to open data files in specified directories as if they were in APPEND [[drive:]path[;...]] [/X[:ON | :OFF]] [/PATH:ON | /PATH:OFF] [/E] [drive:]path Specifies a drive and directory to append. /X:ON Applies appended directories to file searches and application execution. /X:OFF Applies appended directories only to requests to open files. /X:OFF is the default setting. /PATH:ON Applies appended directories to file requests that already specify a path. /PATH:ON is the default setting. /PATH:OFF Turns off the effect of /PATH:ON. /E Stores a copy of the appended directory list in an environment variable named APPEND. /E may be used only the first time you use APPEND after starting your system. Type APPEND ; to clear the appended directory list. Type APPEND without parameters to display the appended directory list. **************************************************************** ASSIGN COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Redirects requests for disk operations on one drive to a different drive. x Specifies the drive letter to reassign. y Specifies the drive that x: will be assigned to. /STATUS Displays current drive assignments. Type ASSIGN without parameters to reset all drive letters to original **************************************************************** ATTRIB COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or changes file attributes. ATTRIB [+R | -R] [+A | -A] [+S | -S] [+H | -H] [[drive:][path]filename] [/S] /S Processes files in all directories in the specified path. **************************************************************** BACKUP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Backs up one or more files from one disk to another. BACKUP source destination-drive: [/S] [/M] [/A] [/F[:size]] [/D:date[/T:time]] [/L[:[drive:][path]logfile]] source Specifies the file(s), drive, or directory to back up. destination-drive: Specifies the drive to save backup copies onto. /S Backs up contents of subdirectories. /M Backs up only files that have changed since the last /A Adds backup files to an existing backup disk. /F:[size] Specifies the size of the disk to be formatted. /D:date Backs up only files changed on or after the specified /T:time Backs up only files changed at or after the specified Creates a log file and entry to record the backup **************************************************************** BREAK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Sets or clears extended CTRL+C checking. Type BREAK without a parameter to display the current BREAK setting. **************************************************************** CALL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Calls one batch program from another. CALL [drive:][path]filename [batch-parameters] batch-parameters Specifies any command-line information required by the **************************************************************** CD COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays the name of or changes the current directory. .. Specifies that you want to change to the parent directory. Type CD drive: to display the current directory in the specified drive. Type CD without parameters to display the current drive and directory. **************************************************************** CHCP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or sets the active code page number. nnn Specifies a code page number. Type CHCP without a parameter to display the active code page number. **************************************************************** CHKDSK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Checks a disk and displays a status report. CHKDSK [drive:][[path]filename] [/F] [/V] [drive:][path] Specifies the drive and directory to check. filename Specifies the file(s) to check for fragmentation. /F Fixes errors on the disk. /V Displays the full path and name of every file on the disk. Type CHKDSK without parameters to check the current disk. Instead of using CHKDSK, try using SCANDISK. SCANDISK can reliably detect and fix a much wider range of disk problems. For more information, type HELP SCANDISK from the command prompt. **************************************************************** CHOICE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Waits for the user to choose one of a set of choices. CHOICE [/C[:]choices] [/N] [/S] [/T[:]c,nn] [text] /C[:]choices Specifies allowable keys. Default is YN /N Do not display choices and ? at end of prompt string. /S Treat choice keys as case sensitive. /T[:]c,nn Default choice to c after nn seconds text Prompt string to display ERRORLEVEL is set to offset of key user presses in choices. **************************************************************** CLS COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** COMMAND COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Starts a new copy of the MS-DOS Command Interpreter. COMMAND [[drive:]path] [device] [/E:nnnnn] [/P [/MSG]] [/Y [/C command | /K command]] [drive:]path Specifies the directory containing COMMAND.COM file. device Specifies the device to use for command input and output. /E:nnnnn Sets the initial environment size to nnnnn bytes. /P Makes the new Command Interpreter permanent (can't exit). /MSG Stores all error messages in memory (requires /P). /Y Steps through the batch program specified by /C or /K. /C command Executes the specified command and returns. /K command Executes the specified command and continues running. The /P and /MSG switches may be used only when COMMAND is started by using the SHELL command in the CONFIG.SYS file. **************************************************************** COMP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Compares the contents of two files or sets of files. COMP [data1] [data2] [/D] [/A] [/L] [/N=number] [/C] data1 Specifies location and name(s) of first file(s) to compare. data2 Specifies location and name(s) of second files to compare. /D Displays differences in decimal format. This is the default /A Displays differences in ASCII characters. /L Displays line numbers for differences. /N=number Compares only the first specified number of lines in each file. /C Disregards case of ASCII letters when comparing files. To compare sets of files, use wildcards in data1 and data2 parameters. **************************************************************** COPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Copies one or more files to another location. COPY [/A | /B] source [/A | /B] [+ source [/A | /B] [+ ...]] [destination source Specifies the file or files to be copied. /A Indicates an ASCII text file. /B Indicates a binary file. destination Specifies the directory and/or filename for the new file(s). /V Verifies that new files are written correctly. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. To append files, specify a single file for destination, but multiple files for source (using wildcards or file1+file2+file3 format). **************************************************************** CTTY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Changes the terminal device used to control your system. device The terminal device you want to use, such as COM1. **************************************************************** DATE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** mm-dd-yy Sets the date you specify. Type DATE without parameters to display the current date setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same date. **************************************************************** DEBUG COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Runs Debug, a program testing and editing tool. DEBUG [[drive:][path]filename [testfile-parameters]] [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file you want to test. testfile-parameters Specifies command-line information required by the file you want to test. After Debug starts, type ? to display a list of debugging commands. **************************************************************** DEL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file(s) to delete. Specify multiple files by using wildcards. /P Prompts for confirmation before deleting each file. **************************************************************** DELTREE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Deletes a directory and all the subdirectories and files in it. To Delete one or more files and directories: DELTREE [/Y] [drive:]path [[drive:]path[...]] /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to delete [drive:]path Specifies the name of the directory you want to delete. Note: Use DELTREE cautiously. Every file and subdirectory within the specified directory will be deleted. **************************************************************** DIR COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory. DIR [drive:][path][filename] [/P] [/W] [/A[[:]attribs]] [/O[[:]sortord]] [drive:][path][filename] Specifies drive, directory, and/or files to list. /P Pauses after each screenful of information. /A Displays files with specified attributes. attribs D Directories R Read-only files H Hidden files S System files A Files ready to archive - Prefix meaning "not" /O List by files in sorted order. sortord N By name (alphabetic) S By size (smallest first) E By extension (alphabetic) D By date & time (earliest first) G Group directories first - Prefix to reverse order C By compression ratio (smallest first) /S Displays files in specified directory and all subdirectories. /B Uses bare format (no heading information or summary). /C[H] Displays file compression ratio; /CH uses host allocation unit size. Switches may be preset in the DIRCMD environment variable. Override preset switches by prefixing any switch with - (hyphen)--for example, /-W. **************************************************************** MSBACKUP COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Backup 1993 by Symantec Corporation _file Specifies the setup file that defines files to back up and the type of backup./BW Starts MSBACKUP using a black and white color scheme./LCD Starts MSBACKUP using a video mode compatible with LCD displays./MDA Starts MSBACKUP using a monochrome display adapter. : MSBACKUP program files must be located on your hard disk. You cannotMSBACKUP from a floppy disk. **************************************************************** MSCDEX COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** usage: MSCDEX [/E/K/S/V] [/D:*driver* ... ] [/L:*letter*] [/M:*buffers*] **************************************************************** NLSFUNC COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** [drive:][path]filename Specifies the file containing country-specific information. **************************************************************** PATH COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays or sets a search path for executable files. Type PATH ; to clear all search-path settings and direct MS-DOS to search Type PATH without parameters to display the current path. **************************************************************** PAUSE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message "Press any **************************************************************** PROMPT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** text Specifies a new command prompt. Prompt can be made up of normal characters and the following special codes: $H Backspace (erases previous character) Type PROMPT without parameters to reset the prompt to the default setting. **************************************************************** RD COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** REM COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Records comments (remarks) in a batch file or CONFIG.SYS. **************************************************************** REN COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** RENAME [drive:][path]filename1 filename2 REN [drive:][path]filename1 filename2 Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file. Use MOVE to rename a directory, or to move files from one directory to another. **************************************************************** SCANDISK COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Runs the ScanDisk disk-repair program. To check and repair a drive, use the following syntax: SCANDISK [drive: | /ALL] [/CHECKONLY | /AUTOFIX [/NOSAVE]] [/SURFACE] To check and repair an unmounted DriveSpace compressed volume file, use: SCANDISK drive:DRVSPACE.nnn [/CHECKONLY | /AUTOFIX[/NOSAVE]] To examine a file for fragmentation, use the following syntax: SCANDISK /FRAGMENT [drive:][path]filename To undo repairs you made previously, use the following syntax: For [drive:], specify the drive containing your Undo disk. /ALL Checks and repairs all local drives. /AUTOFIX Fixes damage without prompting. /CHECKONLY Checks a drive, but does not repair any damage. /CUSTOM Configures and runs ScanDisk according to SCANDISK.INI settings. /NOSAVE With /AUTOFIX, deletes lost clusters rather than saving as files. /NOSUMMARY With /CHECKONLY or /AUTOFIX, prevents ScanDisk from stopping at summary screens. /SURFACE Performs a surface scan after other checks. /MONO Configures ScanDisk for use with a monochrome display. To check and repair the current drive, type SCANDISK without parameters. **************************************************************** SET COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays, sets, or removes MS-DOS environment variables. variable Specifies the environment-variable name. string Specifies a series of characters to assign to the variable. Type SET without parameters to display the current environment variables. **************************************************************** SETVER COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Sets the version number that MS-DOS reports to a program. Display current version table: SETVER [drive:path] Add entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename n.nn Delete entry: SETVER [drive:path] filename /DELETE [/QUIET] [drive:path] Specifies location of the SETVER.EXE file. filename Specifies the filename of the program. n.nn Specifies the MS-DOS version to be reported to the program. /DELETE or /D Deletes the version-table entry for the specified program. /QUIET Hides the message typically displayed during deletion of version-table entry. **************************************************************** SMARTDRV COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Installs and configures the SMARTDrive disk-caching utility. SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/U] [/C | /R] [/F | /N] [/L] [/V | /Q | /S] [InitCacheSize [WinCacheSize]] [/E:ElementSize] [/B:BufferSize] /X Disables write-behind caching for all drives. drive Sets caching options on specific drive(s). The specified drive(s) will have write-caching disabled unless you add +. + Enables write-behind caching for the specified drive. - Disables all caching for the specified drive. /U Do not load CD-ROM caching module. /C Writes all information currently in write-cache to hard disk. /R Clears the cache and restarts SMARTDrive. /F Writes cached data before command prompt returns (default). /N Doesn't write cached data before command prompt returns. /L Prevents SMARTDrive from loading itself into upper memory. /V Displays SMARTDrive status messages when loading. /Q Does not display status information. /S Displays additional information about SMARTDrive's status. InitCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache. WinCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache with Windows. /E:ElementSize Specifies how many bytes of information to move at one time. /B:BufferSize Specifies the size of the read-ahead buffer. **************************************************************** SORT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Sorts input and writes results to the screen, a file, or another device. SORT [/R] [/+n] * [drive1:][path1]filename1 [* [drive2:][path2]filename2] [command |] SORT [/R] [/+n] [* [drive2:][path2]filename2] /R Reverses the sort order; that is, sorts Z to A, then 9 to 0. /+n Sorts the file according to characters in column n. [drive1:][path1]filename1 Specifies a file to be sorted. [drive2:][path2]filename2 Specifies a file where the sorted input is to be stored. command Specifies a command whose output is to be sorted. **************************************************************** SUBST COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Associates a path with a drive letter. drive1: Specifies a virtual drive to which you want to assign a path. [drive:2]path Specifies a physical drive and path you want to assign to /D Deletes a substituted (virtual) drive. Type SUBST with no parameters to display a list of current virtual drives. **************************************************************** SYS COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Copies MS-DOS system files and command interpreter to a disk you specify. [drive1:][path] Specifies the location of the system files. drive2: Specifies the drive the files are to be copied to. **************************************************************** TIME COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Type TIME without parameters to display the current time setting and a prompt for a new one. Press ENTER to keep the same time. **************************************************************** TYPE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays the contents of a text file. **************************************************************** UNDELETE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** UNDELETE - A delete protection facility Copyright (C) 1987-1993 Central Point Software, Inc. Restores files previously deleted with the DEL command. UNDELETE [[drive:][path]filename] [/DT | /DS | /DOS] UNDELETE [/LIST | /ALL | /PURGE[DRIVE] | /STATUS | /LOAD | /UNLOAD /UNLOAD | /S[DRIVE] | /T[DRIVE]-entrys ]] /LIST Lists the deleted files available to be recovered. /ALL Recovers files without prompting for confirmation. /DOS Recovers files listed as deleted by MS-DOS. /DT Recovers files protected by Delete Tracker. /DS Recovers files protected by Delete Sentry. /LOAD Loads Undelete into memory for delete protection. /UNLOAD Unloads Undelete from memory. /PURGE[drive] Purges all files in the Delete Sentry directory. /STATUS Display the protection method in effect for each drive. /S[drive] Enables Delete Sentry method of protection. /T[drive][-entrys] Enables Delete Tracking method of protection. UNDELETE, and UNFORMAT Copyright (C) 1987-1993 Central Point Software. **************************************************************** UNFORMAT COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Restores a disk erased by the FORMAT command or restructured by the RECOVER UNFORMAT drive: [/U] [/L] [/TEST] [/P] drive: Specifies the drive to unformat. /J Verifies that the mirror files agree with the system information /U Unformats without using MIRROR files. /L Lists all file and directory names found, or, when used with the /PARTN switch, displays current partition tables. /TEST Displays information but does not write changes to disk. /P Sends output messages to printer connected to LPT1. /PARTN Restores disk partition tables. , UNDELETE, and UNFORMAT Copyright (C) 1987-1993 Central Point Software, **************************************************************** VER COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** **************************************************************** VERIFY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Tells MS-DOS whether to verify that your files are written correctly to a Type VERIFY without a parameter to display the current VERIFY setting. **************************************************************** VOL COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist. **************************************************************** VSAFE COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Monitors your computer for viruses and displays a warning when it finds one. [/option[+ | -] ...] [/NE] [/NX] [/Ax | /Cx] [/N] [/D] [/U] option One of the following: 1 HD low level format warning 2 Resident warning 3 General write protect 4 Check infected files 5 Boot sector infection warning 6 Protect hard disk BOOT area 7 Protect floppy disk BOOT area 8 Write Protect executable files /NE Prevents VSafe from loading in expanded memory. /NX Prevents VSafe from loading in extended memory. /Ax Defines the VSafe hotkey to be Alt plus the key defined by x. /Cx Defines the VSafe hotkey to be Ctrl plus the key defined by x. /N Allows VSafe to monitor network drives for possible viruses. /D Disables checksum creation. /U Unloads VSafe from memory. **************************************************************** XCOPY COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Copies files (except hidden and system files) and directory trees. XCOPY source [destination] [/A | /M] [/D:date] [/P] [/S] [/E] [/V] [/W] source Specifies the file(s) to copy. destination Specifies the location and/or name of new files. /A Copies files with the archive attribute set, doesn't change the attribute. /M Copies files with the archive attribute set, turns off the archive attribute. /D:date Copies files changed on or after the specified date. /P Prompts you before creating each destination file. /S Copies directories and subdirectories except empty ones. /E Copies any subdirectories, even if empty. /V Verifies each new file. /W Prompts you to press a key before copying. /Y Suppresses prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. /-Y Causes prompting to confirm you want to overwrite an existing destination file. The switch /Y may be preset in the COPYCMD environment variable. This may be overridden with /-Y on the command line **************************************************************** 3 COMMAND ONLINE DOCUMENTATION **************************************************************** Bibliography:

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