turned on or not responding to the network for some reason.For example:$ ping localhostPING localhost (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.9 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.6 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.6 ms64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.6 ms--- localhost ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet lossround-trip min/avg/max = 0.6/0.6/0.9 ms4.7 SPECIAL ADDRESSESA) Special AddressesSome IP addresses are reserved for specific purposes and you can not assign these addresses to a machine.For example, 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address. Data sent to the address 127.0.0.1 is sent straight to the machine sending the information (the local host). If you are not connected to a network this is probably the only IP address you can use.B) Network And Broadcast AddressesOther special addresses include,the network address, andWhen the host bits are all 0 the IP address is used to refer to a particular network.the broadcast address.When all the host bits are set to 1 the IP address "specifies" all machines on the network.0 and 255 have special meanings. 0 is reserved for machines that don't know their address. In certain circumstances it is possible for a machine not to know the number of the network it is on, or even its own host address. For example, 0.0.0.23 would be a machine that knew it was host number 23, but didn't know on what network.255 is used for "broadcast". A broadcast is a message that you want every system on the network to see. Broadcasts are used in some situations where you don't know who to talk to.4.8 LOCALHOST AND LOOPBACKA)Localhost And LoopbackAs mentioned above 127.0.0.1 is a special IP address. It refers to the local host. The local host allows software to address the local machine in exactly the same way it would address a remote machine.4.9 SUBNETSA) SubnetsCentral Queensland University has a...
