nagement information systems. These traditional data processing systems, which are often highly sophisticated and complex, perform the essential role of processing the day-to-day transactions and provide much of the data from which management information can be prepared. The rapid growth of technology and the dramatically falling cost of computing capability means that more and more aspects of managerial planning and decision making can be assisted by information technology provided, of course, that the information system is developed in accordance with properly defined objectives and principles. Although there are many overlaps and inter-relationships, it is possible to distinguish three types of systems using information technology: a) Data Processing (or transaction processing). These are computers and electronics based systems for recording, processing and reporting on the day-to-day activities of the organization. Examples include; ledger keeping, payroll, barcode readers, automatic teller machines. b) Office Support Systems. These systems provide day-to-day assistance with the functions of the office. Examples include; word processing, electronic mail, telephones, fax. c) End User Systems. These systems seek to provide management with direct assistance with their work. Examples include; Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems, Executive Information Systems. Contrary to the impression given by some consultants and computer manufacturers the mere fact of using IT does not of itself automatically bring benefits. If IT is misapplied or installed without sufficient analysis of the real management or organizational problems then no benefits will be gained and money will be wasted. Examples abound; the 48m computer system developed by the Government for use by the Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs) was unused because it did not meet the TEC's needs, the TAURUS system for computerizing the Stock Exchange was finally abandoned in 199...
