color, Midwesternrealism, and cosmopolitan novels. The frontier humor and realism stories were told inrugged frontier villages, on river boats, in mining camps, and around cowboy campfiresfar from city amusements, the storytelling flourished (VanSpanckeren, The Rise ofRealism). Each region had its own brand of colorful characters around which storieswere collected, some examples were: Casey Jones, the brave railroad engineer; JohnHenry, the steel-driving African American; and Paul Bunyan, the giant logger whosefame was helped along by advertising (VanSpanckeren, The Rise of Realism).Another form of realism, which closely resembled the frontier humor was local color.What set the local colorists apart is their self- conscious and exclusive interest inrendering a given location, and their scrupulously factual, realistic technique(VanSpanckeren, The Rise of Realism). Some famous local colorists were MarkTwain and Bret Harte (VanSpanckeren, The Rise of Realism). Hartes adventurousstory set along the western mining frontier, The Outcasts of the Poker Flat was one ofthe first great successful attempts of local color (VanSpanckeren, The Rise ofRealism). Another form of realism, Midwestern realism, carefully interweaved socialcircumstances with the emotions of ordinary middle-class Americans (VanSpanckeren,The Rise of Realism). The main Midwestern realism author was William DeanHowells, his novels A Modern Instance, The Rise of Silas Lapham, and A Hazard ofNew Fortunes were great examples of realism (VanSpanckeren, The Rise ofRealism). Another form of realism, the cosmopolitan novel, had an internationaltheme, with complex relationships between naive Americans and cosmopolitanEuropeans (VanSpanckeren, The Rise of Realism). Some great cosmopolitannovelists were Henry James and Edith Wharton. They were both able to write aboutEuropeans growing up and spending time in there adult life there. Some of Jamesfamous novels were Transatlantic Sketches,...
