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(For many years) the lighthouse has been the most famous landmark (along the coast.) 2. It has warned (ships at sea)(of the countless dangers)( from the fog storm.) subject: Object: I me he him she her they them we us 1. I went with John and (her, she) HER 2. These tickets belong to Ricky and ( I, me) ME ~transitive active (TA) - has an object - moving over to something - action - subject name the actor - object names the receiver - ~transitive passive (TP) - doesn't has an object, but needs one - something or someone has to have done the action - subject name the receiver - ~intransitive complete (IC) - subject verb complete - doesn't need to have an object to be a complete sentence ~linking verb predicate noun (LV PN) - links something to a noun ~linking verb predicate adjective (LV PA) - linking something to an adjective principle linking verbs (verbs to be): is, am, are, was, were, been, seem, become, appear, prove, look, taste, sound, smell, feel, grow, stand, turn, remain 1. Edgar Lee Masters wrote the Spoon River Anthology. (TA) 2. It became the basis (for a Broadway show)(in 1963) (LV PN) 3. Sara Teasdale's poems are simple, brief, musical, and technically perfect. 4. The hummingbird feeds (on the thistle) (IC) 5. Often the nest is bound (to a tree)(with spider webs) (TP) ~to separate the parts of a date (after day and year or after month and year if there is no day) or address (after the city and state) Ex. November 23, 1971 & In October, 1975, the building was built ~to separate words and phrases in a series Ex. Apples, pears, grapes, and plums are my favorite. & I visited the little children, the elderly people, and the sick ~to separate the name of a person spoken to from the remainder of the sentence Ex. Katherine, go set the table. & Why have you brought these people, John. Do not use a comma to separate the name of a person spoken about ~to separate the words yes and no from the remainder of the sentence Ex. No, I don't want to go now. & Yes, I will go later. ~to set off parenthetical expressions Ex. They have, no doubt, heard of our plans. ~to separate words and phrases which if read together would cause confusion of Ex. Near by, a bright field of daises caught the sun. ~an appositive is set off from the remainder of the sentence Ex. Jenny Imberi, my best friend, went to Washington last year. ~to separate the exact words of the speaker from the remaining sentence Ex. "We will reline your brakes next week," said the mechanic. ~when two adjectives modify the same noun put the comma between the two adjectives Ex. A crippled, helpless man lives in that house. do not use between two adjectives that are so closely related so the word which they modify that the word and could not be sensibly inserted Ex. An energetic young person applied for the position. ~a comma is used before the simple coordinating conjunction - and, but, or, nor Ex. Later they will listen to music, or they will go to the movies ~if commas have been used to separate lesser parts of either independent clause use a semicolon with the simple coordinating conjunction Ex. The students bought juice, fresh fruit, and nuts; but John's pizza got eaten first. ~use a semicolon between the clauses of a compound sentence when the conjunction in omitted Ex. The shopping list was finally completed; we were soon on our way to the city. ~longer coordinating conjunctions require a semicolon Ex. Margaret has practiced regularly; consequently she plays well longer coordinating conjunctions (use a semicolon): accordingly, consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, notwithstanding, therefore, hence, at least, besides, on the contrary, in fact, indeed, in short ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (DEPENDENT CLAUSES) ~clause which modifies a verb, an adjective, or another verb when, while, where, after, since, before, because, for, if, although, until, whenever, wherever 1.Although the sky has clouds, it will still be blue. 2.When Becky returns, she will bring the affidavit. ~pronouns that introduce a dependent clause and that relates to its antecedent who, whom, whose, which, that 1. It was Jane (who) had the highest grades. 2. The car (that) I want has red wheels. end rhyme- rhyming at the end of the lines in a poem internal rhyme- rhyming words within a line of poetry masculine rhyme- single syllable rhyme feminine or double rhyme- double syllable rhyme alliteration- words in a line of poetry that begin with the same letter assonance- repetition of vowel sounds consonance- repetition of consonant sounds repetition- repeating a word or phrase within a poem refrain- repeating of one or more phrases of lines in a poem simile- a direct comparison between two objects using like or as metaphor- comparison between two unrelated things personification- giving human characteristics to an object apostrophe- directly addressing someone or something synecdoche- mentioning a part of something to represent the whole metonymy- substitution of a word naming an object for another word closely associated with it symbol- object that stands for something else onomatopoeia-the word like a sound (moan, murmering) Bibliography: Word Count: 1147
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