but underneath she is exactly the opposite. Furthermore tragic irony is shown when Macbeth arrogantly says, “Then Live Macduff what need I fear of thee?” ( , , 82) This is tragic irony because Macbeth acts very hubris. He thinks that he is invincible, but eventually he realizes that he should have been more careful because Banquo ironically ends up killing him. Further, it develops the theme of appearance versus reality because to Macbeth it seems that he does not need to be afraid of Macduff because the witches trick him into thinking that he is immortal when in reality he is not. As has been noted dramatic, thematic, and tragic irony aid in the development of characters and with it help expand the theme of appearance versus reality.In addition to irony, Shakespeare’s use of paradox develops character and themes in the play. In particular when the second witch says: “ When the hurlyburly’s done, when the battles lost and won.” ( , , 3-4) This is a paradox because at first this quote is very confusing and does not make any sense, but after reviewing one can see that the witches are talking about the war and when it will end; when there will be a winner and a loser. The witches are very unusual characters; they are conniving and un-trustable. This is shown in this quote because they are not bluntly saying what they mean; they say it in a confusing manner in which they may be sending more then just the literal meaning. This illustrates the nature of violence and lost of lives in the play because the witches are talking about war and fighting. Likewise, earlier on in the play Duncan says, “ What he hath lost noble Macbeth hath won!”( , ,70) This is a paradox because the quote does not at first make sense but when reevaluated one can see that Duncan is idealistic. It illustrates that Duncan makes quick decisions without really putting thought into them. Duncan is v...
