minate an intimacy between the literary space between writer and reader, but it furthermore serves to assume that the reader is of like mind. Such a tactic aligns the morality of speaker and audience, and in doing so forms a sense of idealistic community. This occurs with regularity throughout the text. To cite a further example (pg.205): "As to the main point- may we never live to doubt it! -as to the better centuries that are coming, the artist was surely right" indicates that Hawthorne feels just in determining the attitude of a reader invisible from his vantage point. Incidentally, this ends up being one of the very characteristic devices that leads a modern reader to date Hawthorne psychologically, as few writers from more modern periods would ever put much stock in such assumptions. Finally, Poe, in his tale The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym, employs the occasional orientation of the first person plural in a manner similar to Hawthorne's, ([pg. 13] "In no affairs of mere prejudice, pro or con, do we induce inferences with entire certainty, even from the most simple data") as well as a more abstract feature which also serves to establish a sense of conversation or direct address in the text: the inclusion of facts and explanatory data about sailing. These points impression the reader as though receiving the information from an animated storyteller first-hand. For example (pg. 54): As long as the sail holds, a well-modeled vessel will maintain her situation, and ride every sea, as if instinct with life and reason. If the violence of the wind, however, should tear the sail into pieces (a feat which it requires a perfect hurricane to accomplish under ordinary circumstances) then there is imminent danger… …Some vessels will lie to under no sail whatever, but they are not to be trusted at sea. Such reports are common throughout this story, and because of their positioning between segments of a more interpersonal...
