areas) Chapter ElevenGlaciers: -A permanent body of ice that shows evidence of down slope or outward movement due to the pull of gravity.-recrystallized permanent snowtypes of glaciers* classified according to form and size* mountain glaciers and ice caps-cirque- occupies enclosed by headwall-a growing cirque glacier (spreading down and out) becomes a valley glacier-valley glaciers that extend to the sea are called fjord glaciers-when it spreads beyond the mountain front it becomes a piedmont glacier-an ice cap covers top of mountain, spreads outward* ice sheets and ice shelves-ice sheets are the largest glaciers on earth (Greenland and Antarctica=95%)-Antarctica's Transantarctic Mountains, East sheet larger, + altitude, - T-ice shelves are thick, nearly flat sheets of floating ice-fed by glaciers, terminate w/ steep ice cliffs-Antarctic, Canadian Arctic Islands* classified according to internal temperature* temperate glacier- ice at pressure melting point (spec. pres =* melt)-low altitudes, meltwater and ice exist together* polar glacier- ice below pressure melting point-where temperatures remain below freezingWhere do Glaciers Occur?-glaciers can form at or above the snowline-snowline- lower limit of perennial snow, dependent on local climate-climate-temperature and precipitation-sea level in polar altitudes, mountaintops in the tropicsGlacier Ice-a metamorphic rock that consists of interlocking crystals of the mineral iceconversion of snow to glacier ice:1. melting2. evaporation3. freezing4.deformation under the weight of overlying snow and ice-under pressure grains develop-smaller, rounder, denserGlaciers Change in Sizefactors:* accumulation- snow that is added to a glacier by precipitation* ablation- snow and ice that is lost from a glacier by melting and evaporation* mass balance- difference between accumulation and ablation* equilibrium line- boundary line between the accumulation area and the ablation area (last year's snow gon...
