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Cost-Even though disposal cost represent only about 0.5% of the total construction cost, consider that waste management costs could represent as much as 5% of the profit. waste reduction can reduce your material purchases; recycling can reduce the cost of disposal. Efficiency-Materials that are wasted on the jobsite are payed twice by the builder-once for the original purchase and again when the usable material is hauled off for disposal. it is not difficult to find useful building materials hidden within the six-foot sides of a dumpster. Resource Conservation-Roughly 80% of the buider's waste stream is recycable. Builders can do thier part to conserve natural resources and landfill space by looking at thier waste stream and seeing resources instead of refuse. Liability-The general contractor bears some responsibility for any waste generated by jobsites. it is important that liabilities be protected against the company from any unauthorised or illegal disposal of waste, potentially hazardous wastes. Sifting through trash may not top your list of things to add to an already busy schedule. But a willingness to become acquainted with your waste can tell you volumes about how efficiently your crew and subcontractors use materials that affect your bottom line. On one jobsite, for instance, the builder uncovered quite a bit of usable heating duct in the dumpster. In addition, the study found that builders who understood the waste stream were, in many cases, able to negotiate a better rate structure with their haulers. The biggest barrier to this type of inspection is the dumpster, whose 6-ft.-high sides can conceal a multitude of unnecessary waste. If you're serious about managing your debris, dump the dumpster in favor of a debris pile that's fenced off with rolled wire or plastic mesh. Then use a hauler who will manually or mechanically pick up the debris from the fenced area. Having the pile in clear view eliminates costly containers, and decreases the chance that your crew will throw away useful materials. Although this option won't work everywhere, cleanup services have been cost-effective in areas with high disposal costs and established markets for common construction waste materials. When you buy materials for subcontractors you give them no incentive to use the materials wisely. To remedy this, make subcontractors responsible for ordering and buying their own materials. Making subs responsible for their own waste disposal gives them further incentive to use only what they need. Some materials can be reused on site. Large pieces of foam insulation can be laid beneath concrete floors. (Small scraps can be placed in the attic to beef up the R-value of tight spaces, Scratched or dented cabinets and doors can be donated to nonprofit groups, such as Habitat for Humanity, then taken as a tax-deductible charitable donation. Sheet flooring can be neatly rolled and stored for the homeowner. Brick and concrete waste can be used on site under walkways or driveways. There are three costs that make up waste management: handling, transporting and tipping. Handling - It takes about 2.4 hours per ton to gather and carry construction waste to a dumpster. However, this number can vary widely based on the type of materials and the distance from the jobsite to the dumpster. Note: The cost of handling construction waste is rarely considered in a builder's total waste management costs. Transporting - Trucking costs include ownership, operation and the driver's labor. Tipping - Tipping is the fee charged by the facility that receives the material. Landfills and recycling outlets can charge by volume (cubic yard) or by weight (ton). The Government has schemes and objectives for the local Construction Industry, these includes: With funding and support from EcoRecycle the Municipal Association of Victoria has initiated the Local Government Buy Recycled Alliance (LGBRA). The Local Government Buy Recycled Alliance is an exciting and innovative project that will develop a partnership of local governments committed to increasing the procurement of recycled products for their operations and  Implementing a seven step Buy Recycled programme  Educating staff, contractors and suppliers about the requirements of the Buy Recycled purchasing policy  Providing leadership by example to the community and industry Local government is in a prime position to support sustainable long-term markets for materials recovered from kerbside, by preferring to buy recycled products which can be used in offices, road construction, parks and gardens, and waste management services. The Department of Infrastructure’s Pride of Place 1999-2000 program is making urban design skills and projects available across the State. It supports planning reform with grants for studies, training and projects to help communities make their towns and cities more attractive, efficient, safe and environmentally more friendly. The Environment Protection Agency(EPA) has also come up with a scheme for the Construction industry to protect the environment: Urban villages are a form of urban development that can meet many of the demands of a modern city. Urban villages are mixed-use urban centres where people can live, work and meet their everyday shopping and lifestyle needs. They provide:  a range of housing choices to accommodate changing lifestyles  good access to public transport  safe streets to encourage walking and cycling - thereby reducing the need for car-based travel  greater energy efficiency compared with conventional suburban developments  support for the viability of local businesses and local jobs  a community-focused lifestyle In doing so, urban villages promote a more sustainable form of urban development, delivering a range of improved environmental outcomes including reduced greenhouse gas emissions and better air quality Getting rid of construction waste has become a big issue with many builders. With disposal fees steadily rising in most of the country, some builders have begun viewing their debris as something to be managed rather than simply discarded. In fact, a realistic waste management strategy can provide both short-term and long-term payoffs. In the short term, many builders realize that anything wasted on the job costs them twice: once when it's purchased, and again when it's hauled off for disposal. Of course, disposal is a relatively tiny portion of the construction budget--about one-half of one percent of the cost of the typical home. But with the average builder earning a 5 percent profit margin, even small gains can make a difference. In the long term, minimizing the waste you generate can enhance your standing among potential customers by giving you a reputation as someone who strives to protect the environment. And that can only be good for business. With Government intervention and legislations, waste management could be controlled in the Consturction Industry and significant savings and efficiency in construction could be achieved, while yet protecting the environment. Bibliography: Griffin, R. D. 1989 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, Lewis Publishers Blowers, A. 1993 Environmental Policy: The Quest for Sustainable Development, Urban Studies Vol30, pp-775-796 Hardy, D. 1990 Into the Environmental Decade, Town and Country Planning, Vol 59, pp-2 Marshall, T. 1992 A review of recent developments in European Environmental Planning and Mnagement Vol 35, pp-129-144 Allegri, T.,H.1986, Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, Chapman and Hall The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management- www2.widener.edu/~sxw0004/abstract.html#anchor184380/ Municipal Association of Victoria-Why Should Your Council be a Member of the Local Government Recycled Alliance- www.mav.asn.au Department of Infrastructure- www.doi.vic.gov.au Enviromnetal Protection Agency-The Urban Villages- www.epa.vic.gov/programs/urban_villages.htm Griffin, R. D. 1989 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, Lewis Publishers Blowers, A. 1993 Environmental Policy: The Quest for Sustainable Development, Urban Studies Vol30, pp-775-796 Hardy, D. 1990 Into the Environmental Decade, Town and Country Planning, Vol 59, pp-2 Marshall, T. 1992 A review of recent developments in European Environmental Planning and Mnagement Vol 35, pp-129-144 Allegri, T.,H.1986, Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, Chapman and Hall The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management- www2.widener.edu/~sxw0004/abstract.html#anchor184380/ Municipal Association of Victoria-Why Should Your Council be a Member of the Local Government Recycled Alliance- www.mav.asn.au Department of Infrastructure- www.doi.vic.gov.au Enviromnetal Protection Agency-The Urban Villages- www.epa.vic.gov/programs/urban_villages.htm Griffin, R. D. 1989 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, Lewis Publishers Blowers, A. 1993 Environmental Policy: The Quest for Sustainable Development, Urban Studies Vol30, pp-775-796 Hardy, D. 1990 Into the Environmental Decade, Town and Country Planning, Vol 59, pp-2 Marshall, T. 1992 A review of recent developments in European Environmental Planning and Mnagement Vol 35, pp-129-144 Allegri, T.,H.1986, Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, Chapman and Hall The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management- www2.widener.edu/~sxw0004/abstract.html#anchor184380/ Municipal Association of Victoria-Why Should Your Council be a Member of the Local Government Recycled Alliance- www.mav.asn.au Department of Infrastructure- www.doi.vic.gov.au Enviromnetal Protection Agency-The Urban Villages- www.epa.vic.gov/programs/urban_villages.htm Griffin, R. D. 1989 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, Lewis Publishers Blowers, A. 1993 Environmental Policy: The Quest for Sustainable Development, Urban Studies Vol30, pp-775-796 Hardy, D. 1990 Into the Environmental Decade, Town and Country Planning, Vol 59, pp-2 Marshall, T. 1992 A review of recent developments in European Environmental Planning and Mnagement Vol 35, pp-129-144 Allegri, T.,H.1986, Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, Chapman and Hall The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management- www2.widener.edu/~sxw0004/abstract.html#anchor184380/ Municipal Association of Victoria-Why Should Your Council be a Member of the Local Government Recycled Alliance- www.mav.asn.au Department of Infrastructure- www.doi.vic.gov.au Enviromnetal Protection Agency-The Urban Villages- www.epa.vic.gov/programs/urban_villages.htm Griffin, R. D. 1989 Principles of Hazardous Materials Management, Lewis Publishers Blowers, A. 1993 Environmental Policy: The Quest for Sustainable Development, Urban Studies Vol30, pp-775-796 Hardy, D. 1990 Into the Environmental Decade, Town and Country Planning, Vol 59, pp-2 Marshall, T. 1992 A review of recent developments in European Environmental Planning and Mnagement Vol 35, pp-129-144 Allegri, T.,H.1986, Handling and Management of Hazardous Materials and Waste, Chapman and Hall The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management- www2.widener.edu/~sxw0004/abstract.html#anchor184380/ Municipal Association of Victoria-Why Should Your Council be a Member of the Local Government Recycled Alliance- www.mav.asn.au Department of Infrastructure- www.doi.vic.gov.au Enviromnetal Protection Agency-The Urban Villages- www.epa.vic.gov/programs/urban_villages.htm Word Count: 1157
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