ning of Napoleon's campaign, he was fabulously victorious, but when he reached Moscow, he found the city in ruins. Instead of giving in to Napoleon, Alexander had burned Moscow to the ground. Alexander knew that the winter was coming, and with no refuge, Napoleon and his troops would be in grave danger. Alexander was right, Napoleon lost many men to frost bite and other such related winter ailments. This single strategy killed almost half a million men. Again, just as in Egypt Napoleon had to pack up and just go home, defeated, but this time he could not hide his defeat as he did in Egypt. This became known as the "Great Retreat". The campaigns of 1813 were hopeless from the start. Prussia and Austria joined Russia. Napoleon started by winning the Battle of Leipzig in May, but could not follow it up. He was no longer being the super power, some of his German allies joined the Russians, and Napoleon lost the Battle of Leipzig. Soon the Austrians, Prussians, and Bavarians were in northern France. The English in Spain were marching over the Pyrenees. France tired of fighting, out of money, and out of men could no longer support Napoleon. For all the time it took Napoleon to conquer Europe, it was almost over night that he lost it all. On April 11, 1814 Napoleon was abdicated. With the overthrow of Napoleon, the Countries of Europe came to Vienna to remake the map. Most of the old kings were given back their lands and France was reduced. They also decided to exile Napoleon to the island of Elba. Even there he was a king. He organized an army and made roads. However, all the while still had his eyes on France. On June 18, 1815 Napoleon with his new army once again attacked the English, led by the Duke of Wellington, at Waterloo. This battle was short lived and Napoleon was quickly defeated, and he was again abdicated. Defeated and embarrassed again he was sent to live on the Island of St. Helena, where he died in May 1821. It would take alm...
