on rain was spotty in parts of India. Southeastern Africa and northeastern Brazil experienced dry conditions, which reduced crops and resulted in starvation. The warmer water temperatures caused many corals to be in water that exceeded their upper temperature limit. When water temperatures rise too high, the corals are subject to bleaching, which often leads to their death. The warmer waters also disrupted fish migrations worldwide. Warm water fish such as tuna migrated to cooler water and were spotted off the California coast. Tropical and temperate marine species pushed northward beyond their normal ranges in search of food. The Peruvian fishing industry has suffered as the anchovy supply pushed south into cooler, Chilean waters. Salmon, usually found off the Oregon and Washington coasts, were forced to swim into cooler Canadian waters. The decreases in the marine food supply also led to the stranding of seals and sea lions along the West Coast. The main point of this paper is to focus on those sea lions and seals and to show what changes El Nino brought to them. El Nino has had a great effect on seals and sea lions everywhere, causing many to die and emaciating those that survived. Thousands died in South America alone. At the height of the most recent El Nino, the Pacific Ocean surface temperatures near the Paracas Peninsula in Peru rose from the cool, normal range of 56 to 58 degrees Fahrenheit to 81 to 83 degrees Fahrenheit. As a result, schools of anchovies and sardines migrated to cooler waters, following the plankton they feed on, and the sea lions of that area were forced to gofarther in search of food. Mother sea lions normally spend one to two days away from their pups searching for food to make milk to nourish the pups, but because they had to search farther, they had to spend more than twice that time away from their pups. Because of this, the pups either died of malnutrition or were close to dyin...
