use their days- ex. when market value is high or the weather is good- etc.)Enforcement: Easy to enforce2.SeasonProblems: oHow should season be determinedoCreates “crunch times” when a lot of pressure is put on the resourceoMay contribute to crowdingBenefits:oHelps to prevent gear conflictsoAllows fishermen to switch between different fisheries at their will.Enforcement: Easy to enforceSustainability: The goal of limiting how long/ when a fisherman can be fishing is an attempt to control the resource without limiting the number or type of participants. It is usually ineffective unless combined with another form of management (usually limited entry or quotas)3. Closing Areas- for a designated time. Has proved to be highly effective with the scallop population in Georges Banks (a federally mandated closure).A. Some reasons to close areas include:1.Closing an area for research. 2. Closing an area in order to protect a species at some time- such as spawning grounds or recruitment areas.3.Closing an area that has been over fished to allow it time to recover. 4.Closing an area to a certain type of drag, or limiting the size/ weight of the drag used to protect the benthic environment.5.Closing an area to a certain type of harvester- such as divers or “roamers” and giving opportunity to local fishermen 6.Closing inner waters to larger draggersB. Some costs and benefits of closures include:Costs:Any research needs to be funded, and presently, no funds are available.There is a potential for thieves to access the area (divers)Other commercially valuable species may be productive within the closed area, creating a conflict of interests.Causes the fishing effort to be concentrated in a smaller area (localized over fishing, increased environmental damage, more gear conflicts)Opposition to long-term closuresFishermen living in closed areas experience greater hardship.Allocation/ Entry IssuesIn opposition to the independent st...
