s is common in alcoholics and those close to them, according to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence. But sometimes the negative occurrences can serve as a catalyst for getting the alcoholic into treatment. More usually, an ultimatum from the spouse or other family member, boss, doctor, or judge is the driving force. For some alcoholics, treatment begins with "detoxification"; this is a medical management of acute alcohol withdrawal. This can be done in the hospital or on an outpatient basis and usually lasts one to seven days. FDA has approved two anti-anxiety drugs, Valium (diazepam) and Librium (chlordiazepoxide), for treating alcohol withdrawal effects. Some doctors also prescribe other drugs in the same chemical class, also approved to treat anxiety. These drugs help decrease the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, including anxiety and tremors, and reduce the risk of serious consequences of withdrawal, such as seizure and delirium. Dosages are based on the severity of patients' symptoms. Use of these drugs beyond the withdrawal phase is not advised for alcoholics because of the drugs' abuse potential and alcoholics' addictive inclination. Because heavy drinking often results in nutritional deficiencies, vitamins, particularly thiamin and other B vitamins, also may be given. Once sober, patients can begin rehabilitation. Many enroll in hospital-based or freestanding alcoholism treatment centers. According to a 1991 survey by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, nearly 575,000 people were treated in 8,298 facilities in the United States on Sept. 30, 1991. Of those, 12 percent were treated as inpatients, 88 percent as outpatients. While enrolled, patients attend classes, hear lectures, and participate in individual, group and family counseling sessions. The activities aim to educate patients about alcoholism, help them recognize that they have the disease, and help them adjust to a life without alcohol. Pat...
