countries, they have high rates of diabetes. The reason for this is not known. Type 2 is more common in older people, especially older women who are overweight and an African American, Hispanic, or Native American. Diabetes rates are 60% in African Americans and 110 to 120% in Mexican American or Puerto Rican. (NIDDK) American Indians have the highest rate of diabetes in the world. Before insulin was discovered in 1921, those who were diagnosed with Type 1 died with in a year after the appearance of the disease. Insulin injections now are the basic therapy for Type 1. Balance meals, insulin injections, and daily activities while monitoring blood glucose level are necessary. The basic treatment for Type 2 is also diet, exercise and blood monitoring. Some people take pills or insulin to lower their glucose level. Diabetics must take responsibility for their day to day health. Daily care involves not allowing blood sugar level get too high or too low. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar goes too low, which makes a person nervous, shaky and confused. Personal judgement may also be impaired. Diabetics must eat or drink something with sugar in it to treat low sugar level. Hyperglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level rises too high. This condition can be life threatening. A doctor who monitors their diabetes control and checks for complications should treat people with diabetes. A doctor who specializes in diabetes is called an endocrinologists or diabetologists. The goal of diabetes management is to controls blood sugar level.Several government agencies sponsor diabetes research. They are NIDDK, the center for disease control and prevention, the Indian Health Service, Health Resources, Service Administration, the Bureau of Veterans Affairs, and the Department of Defense. There are also several organizations outside the government support. These include the American Diabetes Association, the Juvenile Diabetes Fo...
