defendants have exhibitedanomalous and incomprehensible behavior and confessions. Characteristics and manner of the defendants, and formulation and delivery of the "confessions" have been so similar in a large number of cases as to suggest factitious origin. Most noteworthy and incredible has been the recent "confession" of His Eminence Cardinal MINDZENTY while on trial in the People's Court of Hungary.... The evident incongruities prompted this study...It became apparent at the outset of the study thatthe style, context and manner of delivery of "confessions were such as to be inexplicable unlessthere had been a reorganization and reorientation of the minds of the confessees. There is adequatehistorical experience to establish that basic changes in the functional organization of the humanmind cannot be brought about by the traditional methods of physical torture-these, at the most,achieve a reluctant, temporary yielding and, moreover, leave their mark upon the victim. Newer ormore subtle techniques had, therefore, to be considered . . a. Psycho surgery: a surgical separation of the frontal lobes of the brain. b. Shock method: (1) electrical (2) drug: metrazol, cannabis, indica, insulin, cocaine. c. Psychoanalytic methods: (1) psychoanalysis (2) narcoanalysis and synthesis (3) hypnoanalysis and synthesis. d. Combinations of the foregoing. For the next twenty years, under several of names, the CIA began research on controlling human behavior. The first being Project Bluebird. During WWII the military hospitals discovered that soldiers and patients intend to speak freely when they where under the influenceof anesthetics. For this reason the OSS used cannabis in their drug experiments. The first field test was performed on an underworld figure known as August Del Gracio, a member of Charles "Lucky"Luciano crime family in New York. He was given cigarettes heavily laced with cannabis. As he smoked, they questioned him about underw...
