onduct in the revival of Augustus' ideal Roman family. (Kampen 15) "The revival of the family, based in large part on the regulation of female sexuality, was to be accomplished by religious revival and by laws that controlled marital conduct and penalized the unmarried and the childless" (16). The emperor of that era, Augustus, implemented a new social program. The new program was in response to the chaos of the rapidly changing upper class "morality and condemned aristocratic women who care more about staying young and entertaining lovers than for bearing and nursing babies" (16). The detail on the Ara Pacis, Imperial Family frieze, illustrates women with their children beside them. Exemplify that the piece is a family monument in consequence to Augustus's program that "encompasses the fertility of the earth, the Romans, and the Imperial family itself" (16). The insinuation that the Imperial family is present reveals dynastic desire, as well as reminding the populace of its duty of responsible sexuality. "Thus combines female fertility with female morality" (16). Moving ahead to the late eighteenth-century, again, demonstrates the idealized relationship between men and women in the interests of social ideology."Discussion of women's roles and conduct was in part a reaction to the perceived license of upper class women and the degeneracy of the family, and it offered a variety of plans for reform" (17). Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, by Angelika Kauffmann, 1784-1785, oil on canvas, illustrates that women were able to overcome the alterity of her sex by her commendable deeds. Cornelia stands between her sons- "future virtuous men"- and two female figures playing with jewelry. She refuses the latter and points to the boys, implying her sons are her jewels. Cornelia's high merit resides, in her explicit rejection of the trivial. (17) "Kauffmann's depicts with its simple forms and emotional restraint, the implicit choice is between men a...
