ettled in Virginia, near the Jamestown colony. His letter provides an illuminating picture of the hardships of colonization in the early seventeenth century, especially for the class of indentured servants. Combating homesickness, disease, hunger, discomfort, and isolation, Frethorne and his fellow settlers struggled to make a success of their fledgling community. Life in early Virginia was particularly difficult because of the shortage of supplies, the prevalence of disease, and tense relations with the Native Americans. On March 22, 1622, the Powhatan chief Opechancanough organized an attack on English settlements across the colony that killed between three hundred and four hundred people. This attack, ignited by the recent murder of the great warrior Nemattanew by the English, was intended to curb English expansion into native lands. As a result, the English abandoned many outlying settlements and moved closer to or into Jamestown itself, increasing the incidence of disease and death in the overcrowded village. The English retaliated by destroying Indian crops. Frethorne alludes to this attack, in which eighty people from his outlying settlement died, and which motivated the fear and harsh policies of the settlers toward the Indians. Tensions between the two groups escalated over the next decade and climaxed in another attack by Opechancanough in 1641, in which nearly four hundred English colonists were killed. It is not surprising, as Frethorne recounts, that many longed to be “redeemed out of Egypt” and return to their former lives across the Atlantic. Richard Frethorne writes home, just as many college students do, to beg of his mother and father. However, the stakes are much higher for him. He begs for food and for their pity and describes to them his sorry state. The letter Richard Frethorne writes home intends, primarily, for his parents to be his audience. Richard begs his parents to help him. Frethornes pr...
