ians tried to assist whites through economic policies but failed. Foreign observers viewed that in America every man is free and independent (Doc D), but there was great division in American attitude. Disturbances and insurrections broke out across the country by minorities (Doc E), because they were not helped by egalitarian efforts, which were focused on white males. Jackson's hypocrisy and brutality in his Indian removal practices (after his decisive victory at Horseshoe Bend, Alabama, March 1814) showed the non-universal principles held by the democrats. Fearful of angering Southern voters, Jacksonians veered away from extending egalitarian policies to slaves. Women received little betterment. Although viewed as defenders of all common men, Jacksonian democrats shunned minorities and only assisted white men. Andrew Jackson was the first president to fully utilize the powers of the executive branch and establish it as an equal if not superior branch. Henry Clay viewed Jackson as dictatorial and unconstitutional and persuaded the Congress to censure him in 1834, but Jacksonian propaganda continued to portray Jackson as a common man. Jacksonian democrats did not sustain three separate and equal branches of government, as Constitutionally required. Jacksonians were strict constitutionalists, vetoing the Maysville Road Bill because it did not benefit the whole country and eliminating the bank. However, they also participated in the fervent nationalism prevailing at the time. Contrary to Calhoun and South Carolina's reassertion of the confederation principles of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, Jacksonians believed in a firm union. In the compromise Tariff of 1832, they reduced the previous tariffs, but also included a Force Bill, which authorized the President to use arms to collect dues in South Carolina. Jacksonians were tough nationalists in foreign affairs too, almost going to war with France in 1835 upon failure to pay its deb...
