articipate in land reform and study Leninism, Marxism, and Mao's thought. With this studying, the scholar had to write reports on the intellectual progress that they had made and express their opinion in public newspapers. This was form of punishment for the scholars, for their thoughts were being persecuted and controlled. By having the correct opinions of reputable scholars published, Mao was able to change the thought processes of some of his followers. Another political idea of Mao was the Three Transformations. These transformations consisted of Agriculture, Business and Service Industry, and Industry. Agriculture reform occurred when everybody got their own land and then they were content. This progressed to a volunteer mutual aide unit, where labor, tools, oxen and other animals were shared.After the Three Transformations came the Junior Co-op, where everyone was forced into following the rules of the mutual aid unit. The farmers were not happy with this, but tolerated it because they still owned their own land, though in 1957 when the farmers were forced to pool their land in the Higher Co-op they became upset. The second aspect of the Three Transformations was the Business and Service Industry. All the businesses and services turned into co-operatives. The workers were paid the same amount of money and could not get tips or work more for extra money. This resulted in poor service and less business being done. The third part of the Three Transformations was the Industry aspect. Factories that were privately owned were bought by the government and the owners could not leave China with their money, but could stay on and take orders from a commissar. This program proved unsuccessful, for in 1979 the owners were given back the money to jack up the economy again. In 1952 Mao put into effect what was to be called The Five-Year Plan. This was a plan to reform China and its economy and thought processes by was of agricultural developmen...
