cessed computer systems throughout the United States and the world, targeting electronics, optics, avionics, chemistry, computers, and telecommunications (Madsen, 1993, 421). Israel Economic, scientific, and technological intelligence gathering in Israel is traditionally placed under counterintelligence, the Israeli Defense Force Intelligence Branch or the Israeli Central Institute for Intelligence and Special Duties. These agencies have been successful at obtaining information beneficial to Israeli state-owned industries, particularly for those in aerospace, chemicals, and electronics. China The Chinese External Liaison Department uses intrusive methods such as monitoring data communications and computers and actively eavesdrops on digital links within China. The Chinese government often use their visiting students and professors in nonintrusive methods to penetrate American corporate and academic laboratories and report their findings to Chinese authorities. Russia The new Russian Federation has divided the once powerful KGB into two separate agencies. The Ministry of Security is now responsible for domestic security and law enforcement while the Foreign Intelligence Service is responsible for gathering foreign intelligence. The National Center for Automated Data Exchanges at the Institute of Automated Systems in Moscow, using intrusive methods, monitors Soviet computer users and foreign data ...
