rocess, so there was not only different kinds of prints on the pull-ups, but also consideration was given to the differences in the tastes of the two genders. The promotion was done with the intention that children would take part in the process of choosing the diapers they wanted to use, encouraged parents to give children the right to make decisions on what diapers to use, and the prints on diapers that appeal to children would attract more children to buy Jones Inc.’s products rather than those of competitors. Here, the company had found the information that showed children’s involvement in the process of choosing diapers can increase sales volume.By 1997, the company had begun developing a new multipack that contained different prints of pull-ups. There had been some problems concerning the new multipacks and the packaging was updated and the pull-ups were adjusted in terms of quality, prints and design. Finally, the new packages of multipack seemed to be performing satisfactorily. Ms Shawn decided that the best mulipack carrier possible had been designed, thus she focused on testing the new packs for consumer acceptance. As Ms. Shawn was confident that the best multipack carrier had been designed, it was unnecessary for the company to carry out test or a research for the new multipack carrier. This is because for a research to be effective and useful, it has to be associated with a decision, and aid in decision making. Also, whether to carry out a research or test or not depends a lot on how much the managers already know about the problem, the uncertainty that surrounds the decision, and whether the market environment is constantly changing. And most importantly, a test will only be carried out be the cost of the research is outweighed by the value and benefits of the information that the research is likely to generate, where one component of cost to be considered is the time involved. Only when the res...