and evaluation. Hsieh and Knowles (1990) suggest that the preceptor and student must work together for a specified period, gradually increasing the amount of responsibility and independent functioning on the part of student, to the stage where they eventually take over the duties of the staff nurse role. After the initial meeting between preceptor and student, orientation of the ward environment should take place and also introduction to other members of the ward team. This should make the student feel at ease, although it will take time and the preceptor must be careful not to bombard the novice with too much information. Progress should follow an agreed pace between the two professionals. Each preceptee is an individual in their own right and learning needs will differ greatly. Jarvis (1983) defines learning as 'the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes by study, experience or teaching', whereas Curzon (1985) has described learning as the 'apparent modification of a person's behaviour through his activities and experiences so that his knowledge , skills and attitudes, including modes of adjustment towards his environment are changed, more or less permanently'. There are various theories of learning which have been derived by psychologists. These include Behaviourism which is when learning occurs as a result of an individual's response to a given stimulus. The Cognitive theory places emphasis on the way the brain processes information and how the cognitive structures gained from experience influence the organisation and acquisition of knowledge. The theory of Social learning concerns itself with learning by observation of role models. If the student has observed another person performing a task, then this will influence their approach and behaviour when completing the task themselves. The Humanistic theory emphasises human growth and individual fulfilment. Humanistic psychologists believe...
