reign policy in history. The doctrine was delivered by PresidentJames Monroe as part of his annual message to Congress in 1823. Thisstatement of position would dictate the policy of the United States ininternational affairs for years to come. The doctrine was in reaction tocontinual interference of European nations in the affairs of Latin America.It provided a framework for how the United States would deal with foreignintervention in the western hemisphere. It stated that Europe was to remainout of the affairs of countries in the western hemisphere and any attemptto intervene would be viewed as a threat to the United States. In return,the United States agreed to stay out of European affairs. Marbury v Madison is arguably one of the most important decisions bythe Supreme Court in United States' history. The case, which was presidedover in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall, concerned President Adams'sappointment of William Marbury as Justice of the Peace in the District ofColumbia. Adams's term ended before Marbury took office, and James Madison,the new Secretary of State, attempted to withhold the appointment. Marburypetitioned the Supreme Court under Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789to force Madison to grant the appointment. The court refused to rule onthe appointment since Section 13 gave the Supreme Court powers not providedby the Constitution. As a result, the court declared Section 13unconstitutional. The decision defined the role of the Supreme Court inthe government and where the court fit into the system of checks andbalances. The case established power of judicial review of Congressionallegislation and represented the first judicial sertion of its right todeclare an act of Congress unconstitutional. While the Constitution didnot speak directly to this level of judicial authority, the case created aprecedent which is still followed today. When comparing the immediate impact Marbury v Madison and the Monr...
