onent of Adolescent Self-esteemVerkuyten (1990) studied whether there was a difference between the self-esteem of Dutch and Turkish adolescents in the Netherlands. Verkuyten (1990) wanted to know if the negative effects of minority status had an effect on the self-esteem of the Turkish adolescents. Turkish people in the Netherlands typically have low social status, a relative social disadvantage in several areas, and often are faced with prejudice and discrimination (Verkuyten, 1990). The results of this study did not confirm that adolescents from ethnic minorities have lower self-esteem because of lower status, a relative social disadvantage, and encounters of prejudice and discrimination (Verkuyten, 1990). It was reported however that the evaluation of ones self based on ethnic minority is a contributing factor rather than the sole determinant (Verkuyten, 1990). The results of the study found that body image was the component with the greatest impact on the self-esteem for both the Turkish and Dutch adolescents (Verkuyten, 1990).Quality of Friendship and Self-esteem in AdolescenceKeefe and Berndt (1996) explored the relationship of friendship quality to adolescent self-esteem over time. Using a longitudinal study, Keefe and Berndt (1996) examined the various domains of self-esteem related to friends interaction frequency and friendship stability. Results of this study indicated that the quality and stability of adolescents friendships are correlated to their self-esteem and also effect the changes over time in specific domains of self-esteem (Keefe & Berndt, 1996). A strong correlation was found between self-perceptions of physical appearance and global self-worth (Keefe & Berndt, 1996). This correlation was explained when students became less satisfied with their physical appearance during the year when their friendships were mostly unstable. Although the research did not find that stable friendships enhance self-esteem, th...
