the solidarity that the division of labor produces. Whereas the previous type implies that individuals resemble each other, this latter presumes that they differ (Giddens, p.139).Durkheim suggests that in less complex societies the links between people take the form of mechanical solidarity. In other words, society is tied together with a strong system of common beliefs and simplistic version of a division of labour. Labour, such as gathering or hunting is performed by everyone inorder to survive. Societies founded on mechanical solidarity are self- sufficient, members rarely if ever, look outside their social bonds. Whereas, the division of labour discovered within societys founded on organic solidarity, is contingent on an interdependency of its members. Herein, Durkheims principle conceptualization resurfaces- although complex division of labour increases specialization of the individual occupation it is the interdependence of these specialised labourers that make a society functional. As a society becomes more industrialized, there is a greater specialization in work and therefore, a more complex division of labour. Division of labour becomes the key element that enforces the need for organization in societies as well as social solidarity. Furthermore, he argued that a shift from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity in society would accompany an increasingly complex division of labour. In discussing Durkheim s overall functional theory concerning social solidarity and differentiation, it is essential to highlight his argument pertaining to moral differences and social solidarity in relation to the division of labour. Durkheim argued that in segmental societies of mechanical solidarity, people s beliefs and morals were limited by their segments. Therefore, moral gaps existing between segments were underpinning social disorganization within society. Essentially, Durkheim argued that increased social relations or relation...
