Data Bases • Custom Term Papers • Free Term Papers • Free Research Papers • Free Essays • Free Book Reports • Plagiarism? Links • Top 100 Term Paper Sites • Top 25 Essay Sites • Top 50 Essay Sites • Search 97,000 Papers @ DirectEssays.com • Search 101,000 Papers @ ExampleEssays.com • Search 90,000 Papers @ MegaEssays.com Free Essays • Term Paper Sites • Chuck III's Free Essays • Free College Essays • TermPaperSites.com • My Term Papers • Get Free Essays • Essay World • Planet Papers	Search Lots of Essays Back to Subjects - Miscellaneous Ed Psych Ed Psych Gardner's theory suggests that within each human there are a variety of intelligence areas that one may succeed within. He places titles upon these areas, which include logical mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. These categories allot for people who are better in certain areas For example, a person may be very good at playing an instrument (musical), however that same person may be horrible at sports (bodily-kinesthetic). I.Q. scores can be relatively inaccurate on account of the presence of these "multiple intelligences". Alfred Binet saw this problem and also saw it as unfair to children who may be judged wrong and therefor tracked wrongly in schools. In result, he founded a set of 58 tests which can be administered to calculate what he coined "mental age". This number could then be used in a formula called the " intelligence quotient". This formula is thought to give a better judgement on a child's capability to do well in school, rather than just their intelligence. 2- There are two common methods of ability grouping. The first is between class grouping. This method is also known as tracking. This concept puts children of similar abilities into a set sequence of classes. For example, in NY State high schools, there is usually a general track, regents track, honor regents track, and an AP track (although these are subject to change in NY). In general, the between class ability grouping technique is not too effective. All too often, the teaching of lower ability tracks is inferior, and the students often suffer low self esteem, lower levels of motivation, as well as being teased by other students. Also this technique doesn't allow for the idea of multiple intelligence, so a student may be subject to taking a low level math course, even though history may be his major downfall. Also social development is restricted to those within the students' ability level. The other method is within class ability grouping. This method groups according to ability in certain subject areas. An example would be a student who is in a lower reading class, but resumes the rest of his classes on a normal level for his age. The implications are less alienating for the student in lower levels, and tend to actually motivate them, more so than between class grouping. 3 There are a few ways of learning and processing information in a schooling situation. The term cognitive style refers to the way that we organize information. Some people are considered field dependent. These people tend to look at a situation as a whole, without really being able to pick out, or focusing their efforts on one precise goal. They tend to excel in history, literature, and social situations. Field independent students, on the other hand, monitor their way of thinking to refine it constantly. This is comparable to the way a professional musician practices, they will check every note if needed until the piece reaches the desired sound. Other cognitive styles include impulsive, and reflective. An impulsive student will fly through work, without really thinking or caring about possible mistakes. A reflective student will usually take their time, and check over their work, as well as make sure they have thoroughly thought the concept through. Learning style preference, is the environment in which someone prefers to learn in. Some students apply a deep processing approach, where they search for the complete meaning in something because they really want to absorb, and internalize the information. Then there are the students who just want to do enough to do well on the test. This style is labeled surface processing. Grades and rewards motivate students who prefer this method. Other factors in learning style preferences include students who work better under pressure, or students who study better with music on. Some can work for long periods of time while others must entertain breaks in studying. 4 Least restrictive placement is a relatively new concept. The term is used for the act of placing learning disabled students within the realm of a non-disabled class, providing that they are thought to be able to handle it. This method was once considered mainstreaming. It is thought that disabled or exceptional students can, and do benefit from this movement. Severely disabled students were not put into mainstream classes, but recently some schools have toyed with the idea of full inclusion, where there would be no segregation. One of the major problems is the lack of experience in some teachers of working with disabled students. They don't know how to handle a diverse class of this sort, and thus often either neglect the needy, or bore the advanced. Also the school must make a resource room available, for extra-personalized help. Bibliography: Word Count: 789
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