re. The biggest influence on Beyoglu was the Tanzimat-i Hayriye, which was like the human rights of that period (Arkan, 1993, p. 164). Before Tanzimat, life in Beyoglu was modernized and Westernalized by non-Muslims and Europeans. After that, Muslim Ottoman people could not adopt to changes which Tanzimat brought to their lives, and they did not want to be Westernalized because they were not modern and could not have the same rights like them as Muslims were minority in Beyoglu (Arkan, 1993, p.165).While Westernalization was going on, in 1870, there was a big fire started in Beyoglu (http://www.beyoglu.net/bilgi.htm). Beyoglu’s 2/3 areas were completely destroyed in this fire (http://www.beyoglu.net/bilgi.htm). The buildings were rebuilt but not with wood, streets and roads were widend (Arkan, 1993, p. 170). Eser Tutel(1998) remembers that they had a well in their garden of their house in Beyoglu and she says “…before 1870 I guess the area of our house were a huge garden because this kind of huge well just can be in a garden…” (Tutel, 1998, p.9). It was very hard to see settlements in Beyoglu until 18th century so that the area was called “Vignes de Pera” which meant Pera vineyards (http://www.theguideturkey.com/istanbul/features/9911/beyoglu.htm). Before 18th century wealthy people built their own gardens, Beyoglu was a political area with many embassies built (Bir Beyoglu Fotoromani, 2000, p. 21). After that “The Metropolitan Railway of Constantinople from Galata to Pera” was established and called as “Tunel” in 1873 (http://www.beyoglu.net/bilgi.htm). These were the results of modernization. Sultan wanted to modernize the Beyoglu area because it was cosmopolite and most of the people were coming from west so they were more comfortable with changes (http://www.beyoglu.net/bilgi.htm). Sultan established Grande Rue De Pera, which is known as Istiklal Caddesi to ...
