ans have been 'meat' for the industry. At least hip hop artists are producing their works and controlling it to the extent that they can. But they don't have distribution. It's a step up but a step back morally," concludes visual artist and Howard University dean Jeff Donaldson, referring finally to the lyrics and lifestyles of gangsta rap.--Juliette Bowles * * * NOTES 1. I want to acknowledge here the generous assistance of Dan Morganstern, director of Rutgers University's Institute for Jazz Studies. 2. Martina Schmitz, ALBUM COVERS: GESCHICHTE UND ASTHETIK EINER SCHALLPLATTENVERPACKUN IN DEN USA NACH 1940 (Munchen: Scaneg, 1987). 3. See Martina Schmitz, "Facing the Music." PRINT 40 (March/April, 1986), pp. 88-99. 4. I refer to Sidney Finkelstein, JAZZ: A PEOPLES MUSIC (New York: Citadel Press, 1948). 5. Schmitz, ALBUM COVERS, p. 41 (Appendix). 6. Schmitz, "Facing the Music," p. 90. 7. Walter Herdeg, ed. RECORD COVERS (Zurich: Graphis Press, 1974). 8. Tom Piazza, SETTING THE TEMPO: FIFTY YEARS OF GREAT JAZZ LINER NOTES (New York: Doubleday, 1996). 9. Piazza, p. 1. 10. Piazza, p. 2. * * * ...
