flows are not as effective in these smaller organizations.Two-way commitment between employees and management is another essential element of making empowerment techniques work. Both management and the rank-and-file must work together to make new power arrangements work. Management must be willing to give up some of its control over power and just as importantly the workers must be willing to accept such a role. Subcultures that have grown over time must be abandoned by those involved if it is vital to participative management to succeed. Those organizations characterized by a central office and separate field offices must make sure to pull their resources together and make sure the whole organization is on the same page (Foster-Fishman & Keys, 1997).Overall participative management seems to be a potentially powerful way to structure an organization especially in the new knowledge economy we find ourselves in today. Structuring these types of organizations takes commitment and patience but the ideas and innovations as well as the potential to increase morale and productivity are worthwhile goals to try and attain using this design.Organizations that serve the public seem to be very well suited to this type of management structure (Pine, Warsh & Maluccio, 1998; Slate & Vogel, 1997)....
