us, physically demanding, and not suitable for use in bad weather (Clark 387-404). In addition to adopting new methods of transit, modifying the current techniques of traffic control exists as another solution to the traffic congestion problem. One way to improve the current methods of transit is by optimizing better traffic signaling and controlling equipment. Created in 1990 by the United States Department of Transportation, Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) oversees the development of advanced transportation management systems and advanced traveler information systems which monitor traffic and ease congestion (Zygmont 18). The IVHS is currently working on three stages of development for the new advanced highway control systems (Pennisi 184-186). Cars will first begin to contain warning and assistance devices which simply aid the driver (184-186). Next, automobiles will have the ability to control themselves on certain restricted-access highways (184-186). Finally, vehicles will have the capability to operate themselves on all roads (184-186). Several smart highway systems currently exist which are paving the way for even more evolved systems to be developed and for the advancement of the three stages of the IVHS. The SmartSonic Traffic Control Surveillance System, originally developed by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Navy to use as a sub-detection system, is now in the process of being sold to the government for use as a highway control system (Marbach 95). This system detects special signals emitting from vehicles, then determines the type of vehicle. This information is then used to open special lanes, divert traffic, and limit access at entrance ramps (95). Project Pathfinder, formulated by General Motors and the Federal Highway Administration in Southern California, would make use of a two-way radio network and an in-car mapping system (Therrien 84). No dominant technology has been decided u...
