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Beethoven1

otal. Afterward, in order tohave conversations with his friends, Beethoven had them write down theirquestions and replied orally. Beethoven never married. Though he had many friends, he seemed to bea lonely man. He continued to appear in public but spent more and moreof his time working on his compositions. He lived in various villagesnear Vienna and took long walks carrying sketchbooks in which he wouldwrite down his musical ideas. Scholars who have studied thesesketchbooks have discovered the agonizingly long process that thecomposer went through in order to perfect his melodies, harmonies, andinstrumentations. Three Periods of Work Most critics divide Beethoven's work into three general periods,omitting the earliest years of his apprenticeship in Bonn. Although somepieces do not fit exactly into the scheme, these divisions can be usedto categorize the composer's work. The first period, from 1794 to about 1800, consists of music whosemost salient features are typical of the classical era. The influence ofsuch musicians as Mozart and Haydn is evident in Beethoven's earlychamber music, as well as in his first two piano concerti and his firstsymphony. Beethoven added his own subtleties, including sudden changesof dynamics, but in general the music was well constructed and not farfrom the sensibilities of the classical period. The second period, from 1801 to 1814, includes much of Beethoven'simprovisatory work. His Symphony No. 3, known as the "Eroica," and the'Fourth Piano Concerto' are fine examples of this period. The final period, from 1814 to the end of his life, is characterizedby even wider ranges of harmony and counterpoint. The last stringquartets contain some of the composer's most vivid new ideas. Beethovencreated longer and more complicated forms of music. In his symphoniesand string quartets, he often replaced the minuet movement with alivelier scherzo. He also used improvisatory techniques, with surpriserhythmic a...

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