ek for 10 years3. By 1872 was giving all Wagner concertsC. Orchestra1. Had one of best in the world2. First American to have a full year employed by an orchestraD. Bankrupt working for American Opera Company1. Bad management of money2. Bankruptcy didnt slow him downE. Chicago1. Took offer from Chicago orchestra2. Made enemies there3. Accused of taking bribes from Steinway4. Discharged as directora. Stayed on anywayb. Most papers anti-Thomas5. Tried to resign but was not allowed to6. Had a $750,000 Orchestra Hall built7. Created a brilliant orchestraF. Conclusion1. Reputation of being a drill master2. Raised standards of orchestral playing and repertoire3. Introduced a lot of works to AmericaChapter XXIII The Italians and ToscaniniI.IntroductionA.No important Italian conductor to the international Scene through most of the 19th centuryB.Not many important Italian orchestras in the 19th CenturyII. Angelo MarianiA. First of the great Italian conductorsB. Close friends with Verdi1. Conducted first performances of "Lohengrin" and "Tannhauser" in Italy2. Verdi resented the liberties Mariani tookIII. Arturo ToscaniniA. Became the greatest single force in contemporary conductingB. Everything related to music has changed in the 20th century1. Music is over interpreted2. Toscanini saw the notes and tempos in musicC. Conducting was intense1. Realized that music must breathe2. His music sounded fast because it was so regulated3. Had ability to balance musical lines so that all relationships were heardD. Opera was main genre he conductedE. Had to have complete authorityIV. Toscanini comes to AmericaA. 1908 came to Metropolitan Opera House and remained for 7 seasonsB. 1926 became principle conductor of New York Philharmonic and New York Symphony1. Orchestra frightened of him2. Left in 1936 3. Returned in 1937 as head of NBC orchestraC. Refused to conduct in Italy after 1931D. Always conducted from memory1. Rehearsals were recordedE. His exactn...
