Outline of The Great Conductor, Music, College Term Papers.com


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Outline of The Great Conductor

Outline of The Great Conductor A. Until 1850’s, composer, player, and conductor were B. Presider over the harpsicord was conductor A. Introduced tremseo and pizzicato for bowed B. Strings were made backbone of orchestra C. Did not wave stick, but was conductor 1. Was a long rod he struck on the ground 2. Resulted in his death when the staff went into his fist and gangrene developed B. Modern orchestra fashioned after him 1. Musicians from everywhere came to study with him 1. Sat at clavier in concert master’s chair B. Good conductor and demanding musician A. Could probably play any instrument B. Expected everyone to be as good as he was C. Complete musician who could do it all A. Presided over harpsichord and was therefore conductor Chapter IV. Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven 2. Helped spark a new school of composers and conductors 3. Composer Cannabich considered among the best 1. Would play a passage 20-30 times until satisfied B. Rumored that his musicians paid double A. Composed for the Concerts de la Lage Olympique 1. Prince demanded 2 weekly concerts 2. Prince took great interest in orchestra 3. Prince requested certain types of music a. Gamba because prince could play an instrument 4. Was rewarded with a maid, coachman and selected performers 1. Asked that every detail be observed 2. Players considered him a slave-driver a. Printing never done without error 2. Between 1780-90 conducted 1,026 operas 1. Last appearance in 1803 as conductor B. Ability to embellish or improve conductor’s ideas 1. Took charge of orchestras from age 12 c. Declared himself independent of violin conducting at 22. 1. Beat time and worked from full-score 2. Eventually had someone else at keyboard while he beat time A. One of worst conductors in history 2. Could not easily get along with people c. Forget he was conductor-totally taken away by the music Chapter VI. The Arrival of the Stick 1. Need for a simple controlling force 2. Fun poked at old way of conducting B. Leadership divided among conductor, piano, and violinist 3. Leading violinist would stop and beat time 1. Foot long roll of paper first used 2. Idea of modern baton adopted by Johann Fredrich Reichardt 3. Spohr also one of first batonists A. Introduced modern baton to Europe B. First to use reference numbers and letters in score 1. Previously had no way to isolate specific measure A. Trial and error with new conductor B. Physical location of conductor not determined A. Was first maestro who was neither a pianist or violinist B. Part of the trinity upon which modern conducting based D. Didn’t always get results he wanted 1. Orchestras not up to his standard or vision 2. Conducted 20-30 rehearsals for one piece without accomplishing desired results A. Criticizes eagerness of musicians 1. Good conductor must communicate and understand 2. Bad conductor is cold and indifferent 3. Conductor must know how to beat time C. Always had ideas how to make the orchestra better B. Orchestra saw brilliance in his conducting 2. Rehearsals went bad because of impatience 1. Had to work hard to get good results 2. Bar line didn’t rule but rather phrasing and melody F. By 1855 one of most famous and controversial conductors 1. Wore white gloves to show contempt 2. Conducted the Eroica Symphony from memory in rehearsal G. Accused of taking liberties with music 1. Fast movements taken faster than anyone else and slower movements slower H. Wonderful conductor for the 19th century Chapter XVI America and Theodore Thomas 2. Attempts to create orchestras before 1. At this point U.S. had no music schools or culture 2. Foreign musicians made valuable place for themselves 2. Added to family income by playing violin 3. Father taught him and also was self-taught 1. Filled in as conductor for an opera 2. Began conducting concerts in Central Park 3. By 1872 was giving all Wagner concerts 2. First American to have a full year employed by an orchestra D. Bankrupt working for American Opera Company 2. Bankruptcy didn’t slow him down 1. Took offer from Chicago orchestra 3. Accused of taking bribes from Steinway 5. Tried to resign but was not allowed to 6. Had a $750,000 Orchestra Hall built 1. Reputation of being a drill master 2. Raised standards of orchestral playing and repertoire 3. Introduced a lot of works to America Chapter XXIII The Italians and Toscanini A. No important Italian conductor to the international Scene through most of the 19th century B. Not many important Italian orchestras in the 19th A. First of the great Italian conductors 1. Conducted first performances of "Lohengrin" and "Tannhauser" in Italy 2. Verdi resented the liberties Mariani took A. Became the greatest single force in contemporary conducting B. Everything related to music has changed in the 20th century 2. Toscanini saw the notes and tempos in music 2. His music sounded fast because it was so regulated 3. Had ability to balance musical lines so that all relationships were heard D. Opera was main genre he conducted A. 1908 came to Metropolitan Opera House and remained for 7 seasons B. 1926 became principle conductor of New York Philharmonic and New York Symphony 3. Returned in 1937 as head of NBC orchestra C. Refused to conduct in Italy after 1931 E. His exactness led to higher standards worldwide Bibliography:

Word Count: 1399