s themselves as such, but rather duties to future human beings, duties derived from our housekeeping role as temporary inhabitants of this planet"(185). As such, animals only have value because human beings have given them worth and are not deserving of moral consideration. Humans do not have any moral obligation to animals themselves, but rather, have a moral duty through animals to other human beings. Non-human animals are not deserving of rights because they have no ability to understand the concept of morality, or even distinguish between right and wrong. Because animals lack the ability to engage in agreements, or recognize when their rights have been violated, and possess no sense of morality they are not deserving of moral consideration from human beings....
