Design cannot exist without the designer. Every appearance of design, which exists in the watch, exists in the works of nature. While the world is far more complex than a simplistic instrument, like a watch, it is no different when compared at the base levels, especially when seeing that both are so mechanical, showing elements of order. Hume sets out the argument from design to prove that the universe is like a watch. He emphasizes the concepts of cause and effect, where like effects prove like causes, as he portrays himself through his spokesperson Cleanthes. From observed features of the natural world, Cleanthes argues a posteriori that the existence of a creator may be inferred. Like the concept of cause and effect, his main principle is that similar effects have similar causes. For example, the basis of comparison for a watch and the universe is that both are mechanical and function based on a set of orders; thus, intelligent designers, either divine or human, probably contrived each. Cleanthes tells the reader to contemplate the whole and every part of the world because it is nothing but one great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines, which again admit of subdivisions. In other words, the structure of his argument is based on the premises that the world (or one of its parts) resembles a machine in some aspects. Based on personal experience, humans know that other machines, the watch per se, have been created by intelligent designers; therefore, the world is the creation of an intelligent designer. Cleanthes emphasizes on the fundamental elements of order within the universe as reasons to show how the world functions so incredibly. Such intricacy requires a reason and meaning behind it. If each object has a purpose based on this theory, then someone, confirming the existence of a designer or creator, must have given those purposes. The principle of similar effects and similar causes is used ...
