ty in which an individual can relate to others who recognize that we are indeed better than they are. Environmental stimuli are also important in spreading cynicism. An individuals strong desire to feel accepted and to belong is an important element at this hierarchical level, and one that has been recognized in studies of group behavior. Angus, et. al. (1960: 296) explain that groups can become reference points for the formation of attitudes and decisions about behavior[with] a sense of norms and values attributed to a generalized group: these are the expectations concerning appropriate behavior for the loyal Catholic or union member. It is the group standards that are psychologically real and are responsible for influence when it occurs. This influence may result in specific action, or in the formation of specific beliefs and ideas, including those of a cynical nature. The authors note that influence is also exerted in smaller, face-to-face primary groups such as families, circles of friends, and the like. And, in fact, this primary group influence tends to be stronger than secondary-group influences (the local PTA, church group, or union, for example). An individuals personal views regarding an issue, then, will be strongly influenced by the environmental stimuli provided by family, friends, and organized groups, most successfully through indirect, as opposed to overt, influence. It is not difficult to see how the spread of such cynicism atrophies into what Elshtain refers to as a spiral of delegitimation. Cynicism is no longer a belief but takes on a life of its own it becomes fact. It is, therefore, no longer cynical to believe that all politicians are out to get only what benefits them, but it is a certain truth, the proof of which is readily revealed through scandal after scandal, the delight of which is indeed that we are better than they. Tension is heightened as individuals struggle with the balance between indivi...
