osophy as embedded and inseparable from political philosophy. He sees good and evil as terms based on power and desire. They are relative. For Hobbes, there is no such thing as absolute good and evil. The classical teachings of people like Ptolemy had been shown to be erroneous by early modern science. The universe needed to be understood in atoms, not a living breathing whole like classical philosophy taught. Hobbes’ approach to political philosophy is framed with the notions of a mechanistic universe. So even though these two men broke away from classical philosophy, were they laying a new foundation for a new political thought? First we must act ourselves what exactly is modern thought? “Modernity is not merely something new, but also a new idea that favors innovation in principle and constantly promotes new ideas and institutions, a change that wants to be receptive to further change. Whatever is modern does not stay the same but keeps becoming more modern. (Parel)”. Such as Machiavelli’s new modes and orders in The Prince and in the Discourses. Applied to politics, modernity mean the pursuit of power driven by the natural desire to acquire and expand, have to achieve that by any means possible. The new politics that Machiavelli would introduce required western civilization to accept the view that politics at its best ought to be both tyrannical and republican (Parel). There can be no political freedom without the active agency of both force and fear which is also something found in Hobbes. ...
