ental difference between Kant and a traditional realist such as Morgantheau. The fourth law is about a nation's debt to the others. In this law, Kant argues that nations indebted to one another will cause war. He states in this article that if a nation face bankruptcy, then the nations that have loaned it funds will also be adversely affected. Also, sovereignty of a nation is another law that Kant argues to be important to world peace. Nations, he says, must not interfere with the constitution of another. He implicitly reaffirms the principals of the Treaty of Wesphaylia - sovereignty and noninterference. In the final article, Kant addresses war directly. He states that if nations are at war, then they should refrain from doing things during the course of war that would cause the other nations to distrust them in future times of peace. By this, he is referring to the use of assassins and treasonous deeds. This concludes the first section of his essay. The second section of "Perpetual Peace" is more in depth. Kant gives us three articles that define what type of government nations must apply to reach a perpetual peace. He begins this section by arguing that it is not in man's nature to be at peace. He declares that the natural state of man is war. He goes on to say: "...for the suspension of hostilities does not provide the security of peace..." (111) However, it can be reached in a state of lawfulness. Kant explains why republican constitutions are vital to ensure the peace of nations. He reasons this by arguing that this is the only type of government that guarantees freedom and equality of the people. Kant goes on to state that the republican form of government is the most difficult to form and maintain. But, he reaffirms that a republic is the type of government most apt to achieve peace because it gives its people a voice, ensures consequences for lawbreakers, and imposes a system of checks and balances to divide the power equally a...
