likens the savageness to a person's spiritedcharacteristics and the softness to his or her philosophic characteristics. The two are in harmony to make the guardian both moderate and courageous. Turning to the rulers, Socrates hypothesizes that they "must be the best of the guardians" (412c) and hence "the ones who are best at guarding the city" (412c). Therulers need to be knowledgeable, not easily deceived, care for the city greatly, and pursue what is most advantageous to the city.The producers of the city are not discussed as in depth as the other two classes. Socrates wants to wait until justice has been isolated before delving into the topic ofthe producers' manner of education. With their Kallipolis formed, they are now able to make certain assumptions that are needed in order to support the concept of justice in the soul. Foremost, theycan assume that the city is completely good, solely from the fact that it is an ideal city. If it is completely good, it must have the four characteristics of being wise,courageous, moderate, and just, based on their agreed beliefs on an ideal city. Socrates et al now try to isolate the first three characteristics, believing that justice willremain.They determine that the city's wisdom stems from knowledge and the ability to apply it; specifically, knowledge of guardianship. This knowledge is in abundance inthe rulers, so wisdom most closely must relate to the rulers. Courage, or civic courage as they call it, is empirically determined by Socrates and the others to come from those who fight for the city. From the actions of theguardians, not the producers or rulers, is a city called courageous or cowardly. Therefore, courage most closely relates to the guardians. Compared to the wisdom and courage, moderation, Socrates states, "is more like a kind of consonance and harmony" (430e), and he uses the idea of "self-control"as an example. This seems to show that one part of the city is in control of an...
