nnot see and that cannot be proven, but there is an instinctive feeling that the possibility exists. For me, there is a great possibility for both a physical and spiritual realm and even though I take dualism on blind faith, I take it because my life makes more sense. With dualism, the existence of God seems possible and death does not seem so final, love seems more special and life seems to have more meaning. Materialism suggests to me that our bodies, our thoughts are a type of mechanical function, whereas dualism gives me a sense of meaning in my life. There are many textbook arguments against materialism: the divisibility argument, the introspection argument, and the argument for measurement:The Divisibility Argument1.My body, which includes my brain, is divisible.2.(a) I cannot conceive of my mind as divisible.(b) I cannot conceive of my individual mental states as divisible, either.3.Therefore, my mind is distinct from any part of my body.The Introspection Argument1.Mental states are knowable through introspection.2.Brain states are not knowable through introspection.3.Therefore, mental sates are not brain states.Argument for Measurement1.Brain states can be located and measured.2.Mental states cannot be located and measured.3.Therefore, by Leibniz’s Law brain states are not mental states.All three of these arguments dispute materialism’s claim that brain states and mental states go hand in hand. The divisibility argument shows that the brain is divisible but not the mind. The introspection argument shows that the mind is knowable through introspection, whereas the brain is not. The argument for measurement shows that brain states can be located and measured, but mental states cannot be. Materialism also violates Leibniz’s Law: If an object or process x is identical with an object or process y, then x and y have all the same properties. That is, if x and y do not have the same properties, then x and y ar...
